Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Sleep deprivation leads to an increase in oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory response and both could increase the production and accumulation of toxic beta-amyloid in the hippocampus which is considered one of the molecular drivers of Alzheimer's pathogenesis and progression. Despite these findings, obtaining sleep is still challenging in our modern society that values work around the clock. Omega-3 fatty acids represents an active biological agent with vital antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that could protect memory in the face of insufficient sleep.

Substance Use, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, and Liver Enzymes: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Study of HIV-Infected Adult Patients Without Comorbidities on HAART in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.

This study applied a structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the role of substance use (alcohol, smoking, and trado-medicine use) to changes in the liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) levels in HIV-infected adult patients on a highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for not <1 year. The study was a cross-sectional, part of a randomized comparative trial (Ref: UPH/CEREMAD/REC/19), involving 129 (46 males and 83 females) HIV-infected adult patients. Liver enzyme levels were determined from analyzed blood samples using the Clinical Chemistry Analyser (VS10) manufactured by Vitro Scient, while the study determined substance use using a reliable (Cronbach alpha = 0.