Mental Health and Black Male Graduate Students.

The purpose of this study was to understand how masculinity and race impact mental health among Black male graduate students. A qualitative study using in-depth interviews recruited Black male graduate students enrolled at a private university in the southern United States. Data were collected over zoom and recorded.

Comparative Evaluation of the Bonding Efficacy of Multimode Adhesive, Two-Step Self-Etch Adhesive, and a Total-Etch System to Pulpal Floor Dentin - An Study.

Background: Postendodontic restoration with composite resins has gained popularity due to the development of more reliable adhesives with simplified bonding procedures and less technique sensitivity. Pulpal floor dentin is a complex biological structure and a more challenging bonding substrate. Hence, appropriate selection of the bonding agent for these regions of the tooth is important.

Spatial, Sociodemographic, and Weather Analysis of the Zika Virus Outbreak: U.S. Virgin Islands, January 2016-January 2018.

The first Zika virus outbreak in U.S. Virgin Islands identified 1031 confirmed noncongenital Zika disease ( = 967) and infection ( = 64) cases during January 2016-January 2018; most cases (89%) occurred during July-December 2016.

Evaluation of Sealing Potential of Different Repair Materials in Furcation Perforations Using Dye Penetration: An Study.

Aim: The present study aimed to assess the sealing ability of various repair materials in furcation perforations using dye penetration.

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 human first molars from mandible with unbroken enamel surfaces, which were extracted completely for periodontal reasons, were chosen. All extracted teeth were kept in a sterile solution up until further use.

Clinical Assessment of Gingival Sulcus Width using Various Gingival Displacement Materials.

Aim: This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of three different gingival retraction systems on gingival sulcus width.

Materials And Methods: Study was conducted on prepared right or left maxillary central incisor for 45 subjects. Totally, 15 patients were randomly allocated in three gingival displacement groups, i.

Impact of Mouthwashes on Antibacterial Activity of Subjects with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the impact of mouthwashes on antibacterial activity of individuals with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 individuals were considered in the study. Sixty (20 each group) nonextraction class I individuals were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.

A review of the basics of mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism, and related signaling pathways in cancer cells: Therapeutic targeting of tumor mitochondria with lipophilic cationic compounds.

The present review is a sequel to the previous review on cancer metabolism published in this journal. This review focuses on the selective antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics (MTTs) in cancer cells. Emerging research reveals a key role of mitochondrial respiration on tumor proliferation.

PRmePRed: A protein arginine methylation prediction tool.

Protein methylation is an important Post-Translational Modification (PTMs) of proteins. Arginine methylation carries out and regulates several important biological functions, including gene regulation and signal transduction. Experimental identification of arginine methylation site is a daunting task as it is costly as well as time and labour intensive.

Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications.

Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to deliver drugs specifically to mitochondria is by covalent linking a lipophilic cation such as an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety to a pharmacophore of interest. Other delocalized lipophilic cations, such as rhodamine, natural and synthetic mitochondria-targeting peptides, and nanoparticle vehicles, have also been used for mitochondrial delivery of small molecules.

Mitochondrial dysfunction activates the AMPK signaling and autophagy to promote cell survival.

Autophagy is a cellular self-eating process essential for stress response and maintaining tissue homeostasis by lysosomal degradation of unwanted or damaged proteins and organelles. Here, we show that cells with defective mitochondria induce autophagy to promote cell survival through activating the AMPK pathway. Loss of mitochondrial complex III protein cytochrome b activates the AMPK signaling and induced autophagy.

Proteomic Identification and Analysis of Arginine-Methylated Proteins of Plasmodium falciparum at Asexual Blood Stages.

Plasmodium falciparum undergoes a tightly regulated developmental process in human erythrocytes, and recent studies suggest an important regulatory role of post-translational modifications (PTMs). As compared with Plasmodium phosphoproteome, little is known about other PTMs in the parasite. In the present study, we performed a global analysis of asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum to identify arginine-methylated proteins.

Mitoapocynin Treatment Protects Against Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in a Preclinical Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been implicated as key mediators contributing to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, we lack a pharmacological agent that can intervene in all key pathological mechanisms, which would offer better neuroprotective efficacy than a compound that targets a single degenerative mechanism. Herein, we investigated whether mito-apocynin (Mito-Apo), a newly-synthesized and orally available derivative of apocynin that targets mitochondria, protects against oxidative damage, glial-mediated inflammation and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration in cellular and animal models of PD.

Bacterial Biofilm Removal Using Static and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of two irrigating techniques - static and dynamic (passive ultrasonic instrumentation) irrigation in the elimination of bacterial biofilm.

Materials And Methods: Forty extracted human permanent maxillary central incisors teeth with straight roots and single canals, were randomly allocated to two groups for static irrigation and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). The root canal irrigant used was 2.

Antiproliferative effects of mitochondria-targeted cationic antioxidants and analogs: Role of mitochondrial bioenergetics and energy-sensing mechanism.

One of the proposed mechanisms for tumor proliferation involves redox signaling mediated by reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated at moderate levels. Thus, the antiproliferative and anti-tumor effects of certain antioxidants were attributed to their ability to mitigate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent reports support a role for mitochondrial ROS in stimulating tumor cell proliferation.

A novel mitochondrially-targeted apocynin derivative prevents hyposmia and loss of motor function in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2(R1441G)) transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Recently, we demonstrated that dimeric apocynin prevented loss of motor function in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2(R1441G)) transgenic (tg) mouse (treated with 200mg/kg, three times per week) [B.P. Dranka et al.

Real-time measurements of amino acid and protein hydroperoxides using coumarin boronic acid.

Hydroperoxides of amino acid and amino acid residues (tyrosine, cysteine, tryptophan, and histidine) in proteins are formed during oxidative modification induced by reactive oxygen species. Amino acid hydroperoxides are unstable intermediates that can further propagate oxidative damage in proteins. The existing assays (oxidation of ferrous cation and iodometric assays) cannot be used in real-time measurements.

High-throughput assays for superoxide and hydrogen peroxide: design of a screening workflow to identify inhibitors of NADPH oxidases.

Recent progress characterizing the reaction mechanism(s) of fluorescent probes with reactive oxygen species has made it possible to rigorously analyze these reactive species in biological systems. We have developed rapid high throughput-compatible assays for monitoring cellular production of superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide using hydropropidine and coumarin boronic acid probes, respectively. Coupling plate reader-based fluorescence measurements with HPLC-based simultaneous monitoring of superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide provides the basis for the screening protocol for NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitors.

Oxidative stress induced mitochondrial protein kinase A mediates cytochrome c oxidase dysfunction.

Previously we showed that Protein kinase A (PKA) activated in hypoxia and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion mediates phosphorylation of subunits I, IVi1 and Vb of cytochrome c oxidase. However, the mechanism of activation of the kinase under hypoxia remains unclear. It is also unclear if hypoxic stress activated PKA is different from the cAMP dependent mitochondrial PKA activity reported under normal physiological conditions.

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant and glycolysis inhibition: synergistic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Mito-carboxy proxyl (Mito-CP), a lipophilic cationic nitroxide, accumulates in the mitochondria because of the large negative transmembrane potential. Studies have shown that these agents act by disrupting the energy-producing mechanism, inducing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, and also enhancing the action of other chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells.

Real-time monitoring of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in a multiwell plate using the diagnostic marker products of specific probes.

Developing rigorous assays for cellular detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (O2(·-), H2O2, (·)NO, and ONOO(-)) is an active area of research in our laboratory. Published reports suggest that diagnostic marker products are formed as a result of interaction of these species with small molecular weight fluorescent and nonfluorescent probes. In this chapter, we describe an HPLC-based methodology to detect formation of these species in biological and cellular systems.

Mitochondria-targeted vitamin E analogs inhibit breast cancer cell energy metabolism and promote cell death.

Background: Recent research has revealed that targeting mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism is a promising chemotherapeutic strategy. Key to successful implementation of this chemotherapeutic strategy is the use of new and improved mitochondria-targeted cationic agents that selectively inhibit energy metabolism in breast cancer cells, while exerting little or no long-term cytotoxic effect in normal cells.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and alterations in bioenergetic metabolism induced by mitochondria-targeted vitamin E analog (Mito-chromanol, Mito-ChM) and its acetylated ester analog (Mito-ChMAc).