Personal Care Aides as Household Employees and Independent Contractors: Estimating the Size and Job Characteristics of the Workforce.

Background And Objectives: Although studies pointed out that the number of personal care aides (PCAs) at risk of being in informal employment arrangements is sizeable, little is known about its size and worker characteristics. This study aimed to estimate the share of PCAs working as household employees or independent contractors. It also aimed to compare their basic job characteristics against the job characteristics of those working as agency and government employees.