Identification of a serum biomarker panel for the differential diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

The non-invasive differentiation of malignant and benign biliary disease is a clinical challenge. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein (LRG1), interleukin 6 (IL6), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21.1) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) have reported utility for differentiating cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) from benign biliary disease.

Evidence of Altered Glycosylation of Serum Proteins Prior to Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis.

Biomarkers for the early detection of pancreatic cancer are urgently needed. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate changes in serum -glycoproteins and their glycosylation status prior to clinical presentation of pancreatic cancer that may be potential biomarkers. Prediagnosis serum samples pooled according to five time-to-diagnosis groups and a non-cancer control pool were digested with trypsin, labelled with mass tags, and subjected to titanium dioxide capture, deglycosylation, and 2D-LC-MS/MS profiling.

Quantification of rat kisspeptin using a novel radioimmunoassay.

Kisspeptin is a hypothalamic peptide hormone that plays a pivotal role in pubertal onset and reproductive function. Previous studies have examined hypothalamic kisspeptin mRNA expression, either through in situ hybridisation or real-time RT-PCR, as a means quantifying kisspeptin gene expression. However, mRNA expression levels are not always reflected in levels of the translated protein.

Dietary antioxidants provide differential subcellular protection in epithelial cells.

This study aimed to evaluate the organelle-specific antioxidant/pro-oxidant actions of clinically important dietary antioxidants against oxidative stress. An in vitro cellular model was employed to investigate the antioxidant/pro-oxidant effects of various concentrations (1, 10 and 100 microM) of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene during H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Damage to nuclear and mitochondrial genomes was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and oxidation of membrane lipids was measured via colorimetric assays.