Efficacy of the FIFA cooling break heat policy during an intermittent treadmill football simulation in hot conditions in trained males.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) cooling break policy against alternative cooling configurations in attenuating thermal strain during simulated football in the heat.

Methods: 12 males (age: 27±6 years, V̇O: 61±7 mL/kg/min) completed five 90 min intermittent treadmill football match simulations in 40°C and 41% relative humidity (32°C wet-bulb globe temperature) with different cooling configurations: regular match without cooling breaks (REG), 3 min breaks without cooling (BRK), 3 min breaks with cooling (BRK: current FIFA policy; chilled fluid ingestion and ice towel across neck and shoulders), 5 min extended half-time without cooling breaks (ExtHT) and 3 min cooling breaks with 5 min ExtHT (ExtHT). Rectal temperature (T), heart rate, whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded.

CAD/CAM nitinol bonded retainer versus a chairside rectangular-chain bonded retainer: A multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Background: Bonded retainers are widely used to maintain the positions of anterior teeth after orthodontic treatment. Various types of bonded retainer exist however, there is a lack of evidence to indicate which type is superior.

Aim: To compare upper and lower CAD/CAM nitinol bonded retainers (Memotain) with upper and lower chairside rectangular-chain bonded retainers (Ortho-FlexTech™), in terms of stability, retainer failures and patient satisfaction.

The British Orthodontic Society MOrth Cases Prize 2019.

This paper describes the orthodontic treatment of two cases that were successful in winning the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) Membership in Orthodontics (MOrth) Cases Prize in 2019. The first case describes the management of a 12-year-old girl with a Class II division 2 malocclusion complicated by moderate upper and lower arch crowding, multiple unerupted teeth, restored lower first permanent molars, pseudo-transposition of the lower left lateral incisor and canine, and diminutive upper lateral incisors. Treatment involved a combination of an upper removable appliance followed by upper and lower preadjusted edgewise fixed appliances.

A chronology of global air quality.

Air pollution has been recognized as a threat to human health since the time of Hippocrates, 400 BC. Successive written accounts of air pollution occur in different countries through the following two millennia until measurements, from the eighteenth century onwards, show the growing scale of poor air quality in urban centres and close to industry, and the chemical characteristics of the gases and particulate matter. The industrial revolution accelerated both the magnitude of emissions of the primary pollutants and the geographical spread of contributing countries as highly polluted cities became the defining issue, culminating with the great smog of London in 1952.

Research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents the greatest international biopsychosocial emergency the world has faced for a century, and psychological science has an integral role to offer in helping societies recover. The aim of this paper is to set out the shorter- and longer-term priorities for research in psychological science that will (a) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline; (b) enable researchers to focus their resources on gaps in knowledge; and (c) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about future research priorities in order to best meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the pandemic. The research priorities were informed by an expert panel convened by the British Psychological Society that reflects the breadth of the discipline; a wider advisory panel with international input; and a survey of 539 psychological scientists conducted early in May 2020.

Using storytelling to improve student experience of outreach placements.

Storytelling has been used as a pedagogical approach in medicine and nursing for a number of years now. It is a way for students to consider themselves and the world around them as it creates a supportive space in which they can listen and be heard. It allows students to process their experience and listening to stories can widen their perspective.

Challenges in implementing and assessing outcomes of school start time change in the UK: experience of the Oxford Teensleep study.

Objective: Later school start times for adolescents have been implemented in the US and associated benefits found, although no randomised controlled trials (RCT) have been undertaken. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of two school interventions in the UK, a delayed start time and a sleep education programme, on students' academic performance, sleep outcomes and health-related quality of life.

Methods: The study had an RCT design to enable an investigation into the differential effects of two interventions or a combination of both: schools were to delay their start time to 10:00am and/or provide a classroom-based sleep education programme.

A concept mapping approach to identifying the barriers to implementing an evidence-based sports injury prevention programme.

Background And Aim: Understanding the barriers to programme use is important to facilitate implementation of injury prevention programmes in real-word settings. This study investigated the barriers to coaches of adolescent female soccer teams, in Victoria, Australia, implementing the evidence-based FIFA 11+ injury prevention programme.

Methods: Concept mapping with data collected from 19 soccer coaches and administrators.

Gendered accounts of managing diabetes in same-sex relationships: A discursive analysis of partner support.

The gendered dimensions of partner support in relationships where one partner has a chronic condition has been a recurring focus within the literature on gender and health. Such literature however typically focuses exclusively on heterosexual couples while same-sex relationships are rendered invisible, leading to the discourse around partner support being heteronormative. This article examines gendered dimensions within accounts of lesbian, gay and bisexual people with diabetes using a discursive psychological approach.

Poststroke Trajectories: The Process of Recovery Over the Longer Term Following Stroke.

We adopted a grounded theory approach to explore the process of recovery experienced by stroke survivors over the longer term who were living in the community in the United Kingdom, and the interacting factors that are understood to have shaped their recovery trajectories. We used a combination of qualitative methods. From the accounts of 22 purposively sampled stroke survivors, four different recovery trajectories were evident: (a) meaningful recovery, (b) cycles of recovery and decline, (c) ongoing disruption, (d) gradual, ongoing decline.

Rhetoric and Etiological Beliefs About Sexuality: Reader Responses to Cynthia Nixon's Interview.

In 2012, the U.S. actress Cynthia Nixon was quoted in the as having stated that "for me, it [being gay] is a choice.

Bulk-fill resin-based composite restorative materials: a review.

Resin-based composite (RBC) materials are increasingly being used for the restoration of posterior teeth. The increasing demand for aesthetic, tooth-coloured restorations coupled with the patient's concerns regarding the use of mercury containing restorations, has driven a surge in the use of RBC materials. With the Minamata Convention in 2013 calling for the phase-out of dental amalgam and dental schools increasingly teaching techniques for RBC restorations in posterior teeth, it is likely that the dental profession's reliance upon RBC for the restoration of posterior teeth will only increase.

Evaluation of Osteogenic and Cementogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Spheroids Using a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Periodontium.

The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional in vitro model of periodontium to investigate the osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation potential of the periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF) spheroids within a dentin-membrane complex. PDLFs were cultured in both spheroid forms and monolayers and were seeded onto two biological collagen-based and synthetic membranes. Cell-membrane composites were then transferred onto dentin slices with fibroblasts facing the dentin surface and further cultured for 20 days.

Pathological fracture of the coronoid process secondary to medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).

Introduction: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a growing problem within the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is defined as the presence of exposed necrotic alveolar bone that does not resolve over a period of 8 weeks in a patient taking bisphosphonates, who has not had radiotherapy to the jaw [1]. Since the first report in 2003 that highlighted the potential harm caused by MRONJ, many more patients have been diagnosed with the condition [2].

Using multimedia to enhance the consent process for bunion correction surgery.

Background: Obtaining informed consent from patients considering bunion surgery can be challenging. This study assessed the efficacy of a multimedia technology as an adjunct to the informed consent process.

Methods: A prospective, cohort study was conducted involving 55 patients (7 males, 48 females) who underwent a standardized verbal discussion regarding bunion correction surgery followed by completion of a knowledge questionnaire.

Intracortical haematogenous osteomyelitis.

We present an unusual case of haematogenous osteomyelitis in the diaphysis of the tibia of an adult leading to a subacute presentation with an extracortical abscess. Fluid from the abscess grew methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on culture; MRSA with the same antibiogram had been grown from the patient's blood seven years earlier following a bowel resection. Drainage of the abscess and curettage of the bone lesion together with appropriate antibiotic therapy led to resolution of the osteomyelitis.

NICE or not so NICE?

This article provides an opinion on the NHS NICE guidance on wisdom tooth removal introduced in 2000. Guidelines should support clinical decision-making by providing recommendations based on sound evidence but the wisdom tooth guidelines were published without any research evidence. General dentists and oral surgeons in England and Wales are under pressure to comply with this guidance but what have been the implications for patient care? There is growing evidence that patients have not been best served, with significant numbers developing caries in an adjacent tooth before consideration of wisdom tooth assessment.

A double blind randomised controlled clinical trial comparing a novel anti-stain and calculus reducing dentifrice with a standard fluoride dentifrice.

Objectives: This clinical trial tested the anti-stain efficacy at 3 and 6 months of a novel, sodium polyaspartate-containing, anti-stain dentifrice. In addition, the efficacy of the new dentifrice in controlling gingival inflammation and inhibition of calculus deposition was tested.

Methods: Participants were recruited to this double blind randomised control clinical trial, and allocated to either test or control groups.

Sex and diabetes: a thematic analysis of gay and bisexual men's accounts.

Around 50 per cent of men with diabetes experience erectile dysfunction. Much of the literature focuses on quality of life measures with heterosexual men in monogamous relationships. This study explores gay and bisexual men's experiences of sex and diabetes.

Biologic interaction of three-dimensional periodontal fibroblast spheroids with collagen-based and synthetic membranes.

Background: Cell-based therapy using autologous cells has been suggested as a potential approach for periodontal tissue regeneration. Spheroid systems are a form of three-dimensional cell culture that promotes cell matrix interaction, which could recapitulate the aspect of cell homeostasis in vivo. The aim of this study is to assess the interaction of periodontal fibroblast spheroids with synthetic and collagen-based membranes that have been used in guided tissue regeneration.