Socio-Economic Characteristics and Risk Factors Affecting Domestic Violence in Montenegro: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Domestic violence is defined as the combined pattern of physical, psychological, economic and/or sexual violence against a family member. Intimate partner violence is the most common form. We aimed to present the basic characteristics of the Montenegrin families and family members affected by domestic violence, with the intent to inform the global mosaic of differences related to cultural specificities.

HSP60, SP110 and TNF-α expression in Chlamydia pneumoniae-positive versus Chlamydia pneumoniae-negative atherosclerotic plaques.

Traditionally recognized risk factors for atherosclerosis are not presented in 50% of patients with ischemic heart disease. Chronic inflammation with low pathogenic agents with slightly, or no signs of inflammation is the mainstay of atherosclerosis and could be triggered by an infectious agent, most commonly by Chlamydia pneumoniae. Immunostaning of 33 Chlamydia pneumoniae-positive and 30 Chlamydia pneumoniae- negative quadriple arterial sets were examined for protective Sp110, and atherogenic HSP60 markers, as well as for TNF-α which is inflammatory marker affected by both of them.