Selective zygomaticus muscle activation by ball electrodes in synkinetically reinnervated patients after facial paralysis.

Introduction: Although many different treatments were developed for facial palsy, only a few therapeutic options are available for facial synkinesis. Electrical stimulation of specific muscles via implants could be useful in restoring facial symmetry in synkinetic patients. A challenge in developing stimulation devices is finding the right stimulation location, type, and amplitude.

[Preservation, reconstruction, and rehabilitation of the facial nerve].

Handling of the facial nerve during surgery for parotid cancer is relevant for the patient's long-term quality of life. In about two thirds of cases, the facial nerve is not affected by the tumor. In these cases, in addition to complete tumor resection, identification and preservation of the facial nerve are important components of a successful operation.

Multidisciplinary Care of Patients with Facial Palsy: Treatment of 1220 Patients in a German Facial Nerve Center.

To determine treatment and outcome in a tertiary multidisciplinary facial nerve center, a retrospective observational study was performed of all patients referred between 2007 and 2018. Facial grading with the Stennert index, the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale, and the Facial Disability Index (FDI) were used for outcome evaluation; 1220 patients (58.4% female, median age: 50 years; chronic palsy: 42.

[Diagnostics and Therapy of Idiopathic Facial Palsy (Bell's Palsy)].

The purpose of this review is to report the knowledge for otolaryngologists on standard of care, latest advances, interesting new findings and controversies about the treatment of Bell's palsy. This review is focusing on the acute phase of the disease. The chronic phase, with incomplete, incorrect or no recovery of the palsy, is described briefly.

Long-Term Facial Nerve Outcome in Primary Parotid Cancer Surgery: A Population-Based Analysis.

Objectives/hypothesis: To determine immediate postoperative and long-term facial nerve dysfunction after parotid cancer surgery, risk factors, and the role of facial reanimation surgery.

Study Design: Population-based long-term analysis for all new primary parotid carcinoma cases in Thuringia from 1996 to 2019.

Methods: Data of the cancer registries of Thuringia, a federal state in Germany, were analyzed in combination with hospital-based data on facial function.

Role of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Patients With Postparalytic Facial Synkinesis.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the role of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in patients with postparalytic facial nerve syndrome with synkinesis (PFS).

Study Design: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

Methods: A total of 221 adults (74% women; median age: 44 years; median duration since onset of facial palsy: 1.

Patients with non-idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss show hearing improvement more often than patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Introduction: To compare inpatient treated patients with idiopathic (ISSNHL) and non-idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (NISSNHL) regarding frequency, hearing loss, treatment and outcome.

Methods: All 574 inpatient patients (51% male, median age: 60 years) with ISSNHL and NISSNHL, who were treated in federal state Thuringia in 2011 and 2012, were included retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed.

Selective Surface Electrostimulation of the Denervated Zygomaticus Muscle.

Unlabelled: This article describes a first attempt to generate a standardized and safe selective surface electrostimulation (SES) protocol, including detailed instructions on electrode placement and stimulation parameter choice to obtain a selective stimulation of the denervated zygomaticus muscle (ZYG), without unwanted simultaneous activation of other ipsilateral or contralateral facial muscles.

Methods: Single pulse stimulation with biphasic triangular and rectangular waveforms and pulse widths (PW) of 1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, 25, 15, 10, 5, 2, 1 ms, at increasing amplitudes between 0.1 and 20 mA was performed.

Ratings of Emotional Expressions in Static and Dynamic Facial Recordings Before and After Upper Face Botulinum Injections-An Observational Prospective Study.

Background: Botulinum toxin A (BTX), a neurotoxin widely used for facial aesthetics, causes dose-dependent muscle paralysis. It was hypothesized that treatment of mimic muscles with BTX might have a positive impact on emotional expression in static images (photographs), but a negative impact in dynamic recordings (videos).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare of emotional expression recorded in photographs and videos before and after treatment with BTX.

Prognostic role of intraparotid lymph node metastasis in primary parotid cancer: Systematic review.

Background: The prognostic importance of intraparotid lymph node metastasis (P+) in patients with primary parotid gland carcinoma is unclear.

Methods: Nineteen retrospective and noncomparative cohort studies, published between 1992 and 2020, met the inclusion criteria and included 2202 patients for this systematic review.

Results: The pooled prevalence of the P in adult patients in the unselected studies was 24.

[Planning and design of European prospective randomized trial on the value of drain in parotidectomy].

Introduction: There are no valid clinical studies on the value of wound drains in parotid surgery. The aim of the current trial is to analyze the influence of the closed wound drain (redon) on the incidence of postoperative complications such as bleeding, wound healing problems, infection, as well as salivary cyst and fistula after superficial or partial parotidectomy.

Methods: A European-wide multicenter prospective randomized study was planned.

Prognostic factors for the outcome of Bells' palsy: A cohort register-based study.

Objectives: There is a lack of data on patients' and diagnostic factors for prognostication of complete recovery in patients with Bell's palsy.

Design And Setting: Cohort register-based study of 368 patients with Bell's palsy and uniform diagnostics and standardised treatment in a university hospital from 2007 to 2017 (49% female, median age: 51 years).

Main Outcome Measures: Clinical data, facial grading, electrodiagnostics, motor function tests, non-motor function tests and onset of prednisolone therapy were assessed for their impact on the probability of complete recovery using univariable and multivariable statistics.

Functional Outcome and Quality of Life After Hypoglossal-Facial Jump Nerve Suture.

To evaluate the face-specific quality of life after hypoglossal-facial jump nerve suture for patients with long-term facial paralysis. A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed. Forty-one adults (46% women; median age: 55 years) received a hypoglossal-facial jump nerve suture.

Tolerability of facial electrostimulation in healthy adults and patients with facial synkinesis.

Purpose: To evaluate optimal stimulation parameters with regard to discomfort and tolerability for transcutaneous electrostimulation of facial muscles in healthy participants and patients with postparetic facial synkinesis.

Methods: Two prospective studies were performed. First, single pulse monophasic stimulation with rectangular pulses was compared to triangular pulses in 48 healthy controls.

Molecular cytogenetic pilot study on pleomorphic adenomas of salivary glands.

Pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) of salivary glands are the most frequent entity of solid parotid tumors. Nonetheless, their genetics is not yet well understood. Thus, the current study characterized 14 PAs using a unique combination of cytogenetic, molecular cytogenetic and/or molecular karyotyping based approaches.

Reliability of grading of facial palsy using a video tutorial with synchronous video recording.

Objective: To determine the intrarater, interrater, and retest reliability of facial nerve grading of patients with facial palsy (FP) using standardized videos recorded synchronously during a self-explanatory patient video tutorial.

Study Design: Prospective, observational study.

Methods: The automated videos from 10 patients with varying degrees of FP (5 acute, 5 chronic FP) and videos without tutorial from eight patients (all chronic FP) were rated by five novices and five experts according to the House-Brackmann grading system (HB), the Sunnybrook Grading System (SB), and the Facial Nerve Grading System 2.

Management of the facial nerve in parotid cancer: preservation or resection and reconstruction.

Purpose: Management of the facial nerve is instrumental in the surgical treatment of parotid cancer.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and ScienceDirect database. A total of 195 articles were finally included into the analysis, based on relevance, scientific evidence and actuality.

[Not Available].

There are numerous reasons for facial palsy, which range from idiopathic palsy (Bell's palsy) to destruction of the facial nerve by a malignant salivary gland tumor. If the chance of spontaneous recovery is low or there is no drug therapy available, surgery is a therapeutical option. Recently, larger studies were published by specialized centers which enable a more individualized therapeutical concept to achieve tone, symmetry and movement of the paralyzed face based on a detailed preoperative assessment.

Contemporary Management of Benign and Malignant Parotid Tumors.

To report the standard of care, interesting new findings and controversies about the treatment of parotid tumors. Relevant and actual studies were searched in PubMed and reviewed for diagnostics, treatment and outcome of both benign and malignant tumors. Prospective trials are lacking due to rarity of the disease and high variety of tumor subtypes.