Disparities in Emergency Department Utilization Among Women with Postpartum Mood Disorders (2006-2016).

Introduction: Postpartum mood disorders are associated with adverse outcomes for newborns and mothers and may require urgent evaluation. The emergency department is often a healthcare entry point, but factors associated with these emergency department visits are unknown.

Methods: A longitudinal retrospective analysis using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample to assess national estimates of emergency department visits by women ages 15-49 with primary diagnosis of a postpartum mood disorder between 2006 and 2016.

Impact of Exogenous Testosterone on Reproduction in Transgender Men.

Studies show that a subset of transgender men desire children; however, there is a paucity of literature on the effect of gender-affirming testosterone therapy on reproductive function. In this manuscript, we will review the process of gender-affirming hormone therapy for transgender men and what is known about ovarian and uterine consequences of testosterone exposure in transgender men; draw parallels with existing animal models of androgen exposure; summarize the existing literature on parenting experiences and desires in transgender people; discuss considerations for assisted reproductive technologies and fertility preservation; and identify gaps in the literature and opportunities for further research.