Opposing Age-Related Trends in Absolute and Relative Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes Associated With Out-of-Office Blood Pressure.

Participant-level meta-analyses assessed the age-specific relevance of office blood pressure to cardiovascular complications, but this information is lacking for out-of-office blood pressure. At baseline, daytime ambulatory (n=12 624) or home (n=5297) blood pressure were measured in 17 921 participants (51.3% women; mean age, 54.

Optimal Schedule for Assessing Home BP Variability: The Finn-Home Study.

Background: Current guidelines make no recommendations on the optimal timing or number of measurements for assessing home blood pressure variability (HBPV). Our aim was to elucidate the optimal schedule for measuring HBPV in relation to cardiovascular risk.

Methods: In total, 1,706 Finnish adults (56.

Albuminuria and Microalbuminuria as Predictors of Cognitive Performance in a General Population: An 11-Year Follow-Up Study.

Microalbuminuria, defined as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)>3.0 mg/mmol and ≤ 30 mg/mmol, is an early marker of endothelial damage of the renal glomeruli. Recent research suggests an association among microalbuminuria, albuminuria (UACR > 3.

Outcome-Driven Thresholds for Increased Home Blood Pressure Variability.

Increased blood pressure (BP) variability predicts cardiovascular disease, but lack of operational thresholds limits its use in clinical practice. Our aim was to define outcome-driven thresholds for increased day-to-day home BP variability. We studied a population-based sample of 6238 individuals (mean age 60.

The association between home vs. ambulatory night-time blood pressure and end-organ damage in the general population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the agreement between night-time home and night-time ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and to compare their associations with hypertensive end-organ damage for the first time in the general population.

Methods: A population sample of 248 participants underwent measurements for night-time home BP (three measurements on two nights with a timer-equipped home device), night-time ambulatory BP, pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and echocardiographic left ventricular mass index (LVMI).

Results: No significant or systematic differences were observed between mean night-time ambulatory and home BPs (systolic/diastolic difference: 0.

Health 2000 score - development and validation of a novel cardiovascular risk score.

Background: Previous risk scores for predicting myocardial infarctions and strokes have mainly been based on conventional risk factors. We aimed to develop a novel improved risk score that would incorporate other widely available clinical variables for predicting the broadest range of endpoints, including revascularizations.

Methods: A nationwide sample of 5843 Finns underwent a clinical examination in 2000-2001.

Prevalence and Determinants of Masked Hypertension Among Black Nigerians Compared With a Reference Population.

Hitherto, diagnosis of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa was largely based on conventional office blood pressure (BP). Data on the prevalence of masked hypertension (MH) in this region is scarce. Among individuals with normal office BP (<140/90 mm Hg), we compared the prevalence and determinants of MH diagnosed with self-monitored home blood pressure (≥135/85 mm Hg) among 293 Nigerians with a reference population consisting of 3615 subjects enrolled in the International Database on Home Blood Pressure in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Relationship between office and home blood pressure with increasing age: The International Database of HOme blood pressure in relation to Cardiovascular Outcome (IDHOCO).

Home blood pressure (HBP) measurements are known to be lower than conventional office blood pressure (OBP) measurements. However, this difference might not be consistent across the entire age range and has not been adequately investigated. We assessed the relationship between OBP and HBP with increasing age using the International Database of HOme blood pressure in relation to Cardiovascular Outcome (IDHOCO).

Agreement between ambulatory, home, and office blood pressure variability.

Objective: Ambulatory, home, and office blood pressure (BP) variability are often treated as a single entity. Our aim was to assess the agreement between these three methods for measuring BP variability.

Methods: Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, 28 home BP measurements, and eight office BP measurements were performed on 461 population-based or hypertensive participants.

The impact of the day of the week on home blood pressure: the Finn-Home study.

Objective: The impact of the day of the week on home blood pressure (BP) level and day-to-day BP profile is unknown. Our objectives were to examine (i) how the initial measurement day of the week affects 3-day and 7-day mean home BP and (ii) the BP variation between different days of the week.

Participants And Methods: The study included a population sample of 1852 participants aged 44-74 years.

Beat-to-beat, ambulatory hour-to-hour, and home day-to-day variabilities in blood pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate in comparison with each other and with target-organ damage.

Objective: The objective was to compare beat-to-beat, ambulatory hour-to-hour, and home day-to-day variability in blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP), and heart rate (HR) with each other and with target-organ damage.

Methods: We studied a population-based sample of Finnish adults including 150 healthy participants aged between 35 and 64 years. Variability in BP and HR was assessed using self-measured morning and evening recordings from seven consecutive days and 24-h ambulatory recordings.

Optimal number of days for home blood pressure measurement.

Background: Current guidelines make no outcome-based recommendations on the optimal measurement schedule for home blood pressure (BP).

Methods: We enrolled 4,802 randomly recruited participants from three populations. The participants were classified by their (i) cross-classification according to office and home BP (normotension, masked hypertension, white-coat hypertension, and sustained hypertension) and (ii) home BP level (normal BP, high normal BP, grade 1 and 2 hypertension), while the number of home measurement days was increased from 1 to 7.

Thresholds for conventional and home blood pressure by sex and age in 5018 participants from 5 populations.

Whether blood pressure thresholds for hypertension should differ according to sex or age remains debated. We did a subject-level meta-analysis of 5018 people untreated for hypertension and randomly recruited from 5 populations (women, 56.7%; ≥60 years, 42.

Reference frame for home pulse pressure based on cardiovascular risk in 6470 subjects from 5 populations.

The absence of an outcome-driven reference frame for self-measured pulse pressure (PP) limits its clinical applicability. In an attempt to derive an operational threshold for self-measured PP, we analyzed 6470 participants (mean age 59.3 years; 56.

Overall cardiovascular prognosis of isolated systolic hypertension, isolated diastolic hypertension and pulse pressure defined with home measurements: the Finn-home study.

Objective: The overall cardiovascular prognosis of isolated systolic hypertension, isolated diastolic hypertension and pulse pressure defined with home blood pressure (BP) measurements remains unclear.

Methods: A prospective nationwide study was initiated in 2000-2001 on 1924 randomly selected participants aged 44-74 years. We determined home and office BP at baseline and classified the individuals into four groups according to their home BP levels: normotension, isolated diastolic hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension and systolic-diastolic hypertension.

Risk stratification by self-measured home blood pressure across categories of conventional blood pressure: a participant-level meta-analysis.

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010 reported that hypertension is worldwide the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, causing 9.4 million deaths annually. We examined to what extent self-measurement of home blood pressure (HBP) refines risk stratification across increasing categories of conventional blood pressure (CBP).

Prognosis of white-coat and masked hypertension: International Database of HOme blood pressure in relation to Cardiovascular Outcome.

Home blood pressure monitoring is useful in detecting white-coat and masked hypertension and is recommended for patients with suspected or treated hypertension. The prognostic significance of white-coat and masked hypertension detected by home measurement was investigated in 6458 participants from 5 populations enrolled in the International Database of HOme blood pressure in relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes. During a median follow-up of 8.

Interarm blood pressure difference and target organ damage in the general population.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate interarm differences of blood pressure (BP) and its determinants, and to clarify whether both arms are equally good in assessing BP and target organ damage in the general population.

Methods: We studied a representative sample of Finnish adult population with 484 study participants, ages 25-74 years. BP was measured twice by an oscillometric monitor simultaneously on both arms.

Oscillometric and auscultatory blood pressure measurement in the assessment of blood pressure and target organ damage.

Objective: The objective of this study was to elucidate the usefulness of both the oscillometric blood pressure (OBP) and auscultatory blood pressure (ABP) measurement technique in the assessment of blood pressure (BP) and target organ damage in the general population.

Methods: We studied a sample of the Finnish adult population aged 25-74 years. Four hundred and eighty-four study participants underwent a health examination including measurements of 24-h urine albumin, echocardiographic variables of the left ventricle, intima media thickness and pulse wave velocity.

Outcome-driven thresholds for home blood pressure measurement: international database of home blood pressure in relation to cardiovascular outcome.

The lack of outcome-driven operational thresholds limits the clinical application of home blood pressure (BP) measurement. Our objective was to determine an outcome-driven reference frame for home BP measurement. We measured home and clinic BP in 6470 participants (mean age, 59.

The International Database of HOme blood pressure in relation to Cardiovascular Outcome (IDHOCO): moving from baseline characteristics to research perspectives.

The objective of this study is to construct an International Database of HOme blood pressure in relation to Cardiovascular Outcome (IDHOCO). The main goal of this database is to determine outcome-based diagnostic thresholds for the self-measured home blood pressure (BP). Secondary objectives include investigating the predictive value of white-coat and masked hypertension, morning and evening BP, BP and heart rate variability, and the home arterial stiffness index.

Prognostic value of the variability in home-measured blood pressure and heart rate: the Finn-Home Study.

The objective of the study was to assess the prognostic value of variability in home-measured blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in a general population. We studied a representative sample of the Finnish adult population with 1866 study subjects aged 45-74 years. BP and HR self-measurements were performed on 7 consecutive days.

Variability in home-measured blood pressure and heart rate: associations with self-reported insomnia and sleep duration.

Objective: Both self-reported sleep disorders and higher variability in home blood pressure (BP) and home heart rate (HR) have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. The objective of our study was to assess the associations of the variability in home-measured BP and HR with self-reported insomnia and sleep duration.

Methods: We studied a representative sample of Finnish adult population with 1908 study participants aged 41-74 years.