Comparison between Integrated and Parallel Interlock Designs of an Extracoronal Attachment-retained Distal Extension Removable Partial Dentures: A Clinical Trial.

Objective: Precision attachments may exert unfavorable stresses on abutments in distal extension bases. This study compared between two reciprocation designs in attachment removable partial dentures (RPDs).

Materials And Methods: Fourteen patients were allocated into two groups.

Comparison between different surface treatment methods on shear bond strength of zirconia ( study).

Background: To compare the effect of Er:YAG Laser and Air particle abrasion (APA) surface treatments on shear bond strength of Y-TZP to composite resin cuboids in the presence and absence of primer application and salivary contamination.

Material And Methods: Seventy-two cuboidal shaped specimens 7x7x3 were prepared from Y-TZP using CADCAM, cleaned and sintered. Specimens were divided into 2 main groups (n=36) according to surface treatment method; Air particle abrasion (A) and laser (L).

Influence of resin cement shade on the color and translucency of zirconia crowns.

Background: Zirconia crowns are highly attractive for clinicians, although have poor translucency when used as single restorations, in addition to unknown effect of resin cement shade on final cemented crown shade. This study aimed to assess effect of resin cement opacity on color replication potential of different zirconia frameworks with target tooth color, in addition to different zirconia crowns translucency evaluation.

Material And Methods: Twenty-four zirconia crown restorations were fabricated to restore single central maxillary incisor for 8 patients, divided into 3 groups according to color and type of zirconia used (white Zr core, colored Zr core and monolithic HT Zrcowns).

Influence of core color on final shade reproduction of zirconia crown in single central incisor situation - An study.

Background: A lot of shaded zirconia blocks are being introduced into the market. Their effect on the final shade of the restoration is yet uncertain.

Material And Methods: Twenty-four zirconia crowns were fabricated for 8 patients who needed to restore a single maxillary central incisor, and divided into 3 groups according to the color and type of the zirconia (Zr) used (white Zr core, colored Zr core, and monolithic high translucency (ht) Zr crowns).

Extensive infectious myelitis post bariatric surgery.

Background: Inflammatory myelopathy is an inflammatory neurological disorder of the spinal cord (myelopathy). It occurs in 1 (severe) to 8 (mild) cases/million per year. It is often referred to in the literature as "transverse myelitis" or "acute transverse myelitis".

Plasma pharmacokinetics of daptomycin in critically ill patients with renal failure and undergoing CVVHD.

Background: Daptomycin is a novel antibiotic with primarily renal elimination.

Methods: In an open-label, prospective trial, the pharmacokinetics of daptomycin after single (8 mg/kg BW) and multiple intravenous doses (4 mg/kg BW) at steady state were determined in critically ill, dialysis-dependent patients treated with continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD). Daptomycin levels were determined by HPLC.

Efficacy and safety of current drug therapies for invasive aspergillosis.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a potentially lethal infection that affects mostly immunocompromised patients. The therapeutic goals are to restore leucocyte function and to reduce the fungal burden by effective antifungal agents and, contingently, by surgery. Several drugs for the treatment of IA are currently licensed.

Glycerophosphate is interchangeable with inorganic phosphate in terms of safety and serum pharmacokinetics.

Objective: The primary aim of the present investigation was to determine and compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of inorganic phosphate in serum and urine after intravenous administration of sodium glycerophosphate and inorganic sodium phosphate. Additionally, study product safety profiles were evaluated.

Subjects And Methods: In total, 27 healthy, white volunteers (17 male/10 female) were enrolled in this double-blinded, randomized, 2-sequence, crossover study and were assigned to receive an organic test drug (sodium glycerophosphate) and an inorganic reference preparation (sodium phosphate) on 2 occasions.

Glycerophosphate does not interact with components of parenteral nutrition.

Background/aims: The primary objective of this study was to determine and compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of inorganic phosphate in the serum after continuous administration of pure glycerophosphate and glycerophosphate contained in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) emulsions. This approach was selected to identify potential PK interactions between TPN components and glycerophosphate.

Methods: The serum PK profile of inorganic phosphate after continuous intravenous administration of a sodium glycerophosphate containing TPN emulsion was determined in 10 healthy, white (5 male/5 female) volunteers.

A reappraisal of current dosing strategies for intravenous fosfomycin in children and neonates.

The rising incidence of multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens has renewed interest in the long-known antibacterial fosfomycin. Not least because of its low toxicological potential, there is good clinical experience with intravenous fosfomycin for various Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections in the treatment of children and neonates. However, the current dosing recommendations for intravenous fosfomycin vary widely in paediatric patients.

The ability of fluconazole to penetrate into ventilated, healthy and inflamed lung tissue in a model of severe sepsis in rats.

Background/aims: We measured the extracellular concentrations of fluconazole in lung tissue of septic and healthy rats.

Methods: A single intravenous dose of 6 mg/kg total body weight of fluconazole was administered intravenously to rats following insertion of microdialysis probes into lung tissue. Another probe was inserted into skeletal muscle and served as control.

High extracellular levels of cefpirome in unaffected and infected lung tissue of patients.

Objectives: the objective of the present investigation was to measure the extracellular concentrations of cefpirome in unaffected and infected lung tissue of septic patients.

Methods: a single intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg total body weight of cefpirome was administered to eight patients every 12 h prior to insertion of microdialysis probes into lung tissue.

Results: the median (minimum, maximum) peak concentration (C(max)), time to C(max) (T(max)), area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 4 h (AUC(0-4)) and AUC(0-∞) of unbound cefpirome for unaffected lung were 48 (32, 107) mg/L, 0.

Coagulation factor VIII levels are associated with long-term survival - interactions with gender in a large hospital-based cohort.

Introduction: Elevated coagulation factor VIII activity has been associated with increased risk for both venous and arterial thrombosis. The current study evaluated the influence of Factor VIII levels and interactions with gender on all cause mortality in a large Austrian cohort.

Patients And Methods: During 1991 and 2003, 11203 individuals, first ever request for laboratory analyses of FVIII: C, age > or =18 years, were included in this study.

Rapid and sensitive determination of the antibiotic linezolid in low plasma volumes by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of linezolid by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection (251 nm) is presented. Linezolid is an important antibiotic against severe infections caused by multi-resistant bacterial pathogens. Scientific efforts continue investigating its effectiveness in different conditions and patient populations including children and newborns.

Linezolid concentrations in infected soft tissue and bone following repetitive doses in diabetic patients with bacterial foot infections.

The present study aimed at assessing unbound extracellular concentrations of linezolid in inflamed soft tissue and bone of diabetic patients suffering from severe bacterial foot infections. Linezolid was administered intravenously twice daily at a dosage of 600 mg. At steady-state conditions, the microdialysis technique was utilised to sample serially interstitial space fluid from inflamed subcutaneous adipose tissue and metatarsal bone from 0-8h post dose in three representative patients.

Soft tissue and bone penetration abilities of daptomycin in diabetic patients with bacterial foot infections.

Objectives: In the attempt to overcome increasing glycopeptide- and methicillin-resistant soft tissue infections, daptomycin is presently considered as an attractive alternative to the class of glycopeptides. However, daptomycin dosing and its ability to penetrate into inflamed target tissues are still a matter of controversy. Thus, in the present investigation, we set out to evaluate daptomycin's ability to penetrate into inflamed subcutaneous adipose tissue and bone in diabetic patients presenting with severe bacterial foot infection.

Extracellular concentrations of fosfomycin in lung tissue of septic patients.

Objectives: The present investigation explored the ability of fosfomycin to penetrate lung tissue of septic patients by utilizing the microdialysis technique.

Methods: After microdialysis probe insertion into healthy and infected lung tissue, a single intravenous dose of 4 g of fosfomycin was administered.

Results: The mean C(max), T(max), AUC(0-4) and AUC(0-infinity) for healthy lung were 131.

Dosing of daptomycin in intensive care unit patients with acute kidney injury undergoing extended dialysis--a pharmacokinetic study.

Background: Daptomycin is a new intravenous cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, licensed for the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by Gram-positive organisms including both susceptible and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and for the treatment of various infections due to susceptible organisms, including serious and life-threatening Gram-positive infections, vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections and right-sided endocarditis with associated bacteremia. Currently, no dosing recommendations exist for this drug for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing renal replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacokinetics of daptomycin in critically ill patients with AKI undergoing extended dialysis (ED), a frequently used mean of renal replacement therapies in intensive care units (ICUs) around the world.

Lack of bactericidal antagonism or synergism in vitro between oxacillin and vancomycin against methicillin-susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

With the current high prevalence of infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains but in light of the general belief that beta-lactam antibiotics are more effective than vancomycin against infections caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, clinicians may utilize antistaphylococcal penicillins in combination with vancomycin for the empirical treatment of S. aureus infections.

Fosfomycin: an old, new friend?

Fosfomycin (FOM) is an antibiotic which has varying application indications across the globe. European, Japanese, South African and Brazilian usage practices are much broader, involving multiple formulations of FOM than the currently limited application of FOM in the United States, where uncomplicated urinary tract infection represents the only indication for FOM-tromethamine. Based on early difficulty in determining FOMs genuine in vitro activity, there was initial skepticism about its efficacy and application range.

The inflammatory response is influenced by FXIII VAL 34 LEU polymorphism in a human LPS model.

Background: In sepsis, activation of coagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis lead to microvascular thrombosis. The Val34Leu polymorphism affects the function of FXIII by increasing the rate of FXIII activation by thrombin, which results in an increased and faster rate of fibrin stabilization. Sepsis and multi-organ failure cause disturbance of the normal balance of inflammation and coagulation, one of the most frequent causes of death in ICU patients.

High fosfomycin concentrations in bone and peripheral soft tissue in diabetic patients presenting with bacterial foot infection.

Objectives: Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention may be required in diabetic patients presenting with severe bacterial foot infection. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agents such as fosfomycin are increasingly in demand because of recent concern regarding vancomycin and daptomycin efficacy and constant use. Intravenous fosfomycin is approved for the therapy of severe soft tissue infections and is highly active against methicillin-susceptible S.

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of telithromycin in peripheral soft tissues.

Based on clinicians' expectations of high concentrations of telithromycin (TEL) in tissues, combined with its excellent in vitro antimicrobial characteristics, TEL is casually considered as a potential therapeutic option for the therapy of minor cases of soft tissue or bite-wound infections. To clarify this clinically important issue, the present investigation was carried out to measure the pharmacokinetic profile of TEL in the interstitial space fluid (ISF) of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue by means of the microdialysis technique in 10 healthy subjects following repetitive daily doses of 800 mg TEL. These data were compared with free concentrations of TEL determined in plasma.

Concentrations of voriconazole in healthy and inflamed lung in rats.

By utilizing the microdialysis technique, we investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of voriconazole in the interstitium of the lungs and skeletal muscle tissue of rats after a single intravenous dose under healthy and inflammatory conditions. As expected, voriconazole penetrated excellently into the interstitium of tissues, and its levels were descriptively almost identical to free concentration-versus-time profiles in plasma.