Therapeutic Applications of Oxysterols and Derivatives in Age-Related Diseases, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Cancers.

Oxysterols, resulting from the oxidation of cholesterol, are formed either by autoxidation, enzymatically, or by both processes. These molecules, which are provided in more or less important quantities depending on the type of diet, are also formed in the body and their presence is associated with a normal physiological activity. Their increase and decrease at the cellular level and in biological fluids can have significant consequences on health due or not to the interaction of some of these molecules with different types of receptors but also because oxysterols are involved in the regulation of RedOx balance, cytokinic and non-cytokinic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and induction of cell death.

Associated Factors to Efficacy and Tolerance of Immunotherapy in Older Patients with Cancer Aged 70 Years and Over: Impact of Coprescriptions.

Background: Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) significantly improves the prognosis for an increasing number of cancers. However, data on geriatric populations taking ICB are rare.

Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with the efficacy and tolerance of ICB in an older population.

7β-Hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol: New oxidative stress biomarkers of sarcopenia inducing cytotoxic effects on myoblasts and myotubes.

Aging is a complex biological process which can be associated with skeletal muscle degradation leading to sarcopenia. The aim of this study consisted i) to determine the oxidative and inflammatory status of sarcopenic patients and ii) to clarify the impact of oxidative stress on myoblasts and myotubes. To this end, various biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, leukotriene B4 (LTB4)) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonylated proteins and antioxidant enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) as well as oxidized derivatives of cholesterol formed by cholesterol autoxidation (7-ketocholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol), were analyzed.

[Interest of individual breast cancer screening by mammography in women aged over 75 years].

Unlabelled: Organized breast cancer screening in France is recommended for women up to 74 years of age, while the frequency and severity of this cancer increases after 75 years. The aim of this work is to assess the potential benefits of extending organized screening.

Methodology: Retrospective study of a continuous monocentric series of women over 75 having undergone surgery for breast cancer.

Assessment of Prescriptions in Elderly Patients Hospitalized in Medicine Departments.

Drug-related iatrogenesis is an important issue in the elderly population, and preventing iatrogenic accidents helps to reduce hospitalizations. Our study's objective was to evaluate prescriptions in the geriatric population of our establishment. The study conducted is a targeted clinical audit.

Level of Medical Intervention in Geriatric Settings: Decision Factors and Correlation With Mortality.

Objectives: Level of medical intervention (LMI) has to be adapted to each patient in geriatric care. LMI scales intend to help nonintensive care (NIC) decisions, giving priority to patient choice and collegial discussion. In the present study, we aimed to assess the parameters associated with the NIC decision and whether these parameters differ from those associated with in-hospital mortality.

Anticoagulant treatment in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: a position paper.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in the elderly. The treatment of this condition is based on anticoagulation to prevent stroke and systemic arterial embolism. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have long been the only anticoagulants available for the management of AF.

Impact of Age, Multimorbidity and Frailty on the Prescription of Preventive Antiplatelet Therapy in Older Population.

Platelet aggregation inhibitors (PAI) have widely proven their efficiency for the prevention of ischemic cardiovascular events. We aimed to describe PAI prescription in an elderly multimorbid population and to determine the factors that influence their prescription, including the impact of age, comorbidities and frailty, evaluated through a comprehensive geriatric assessment. This cross-sectional study included all patients admitted to the acute geriatric department of a university hospital from November 2016 to January 2017.

[Osteoporosis treatment in patients over 75 years old with fractures living in nursing home].

Objective: Recommendations for the management of major fractures in institutionalized patients over 75 years old were updated by the GRIO (French group for research and information on osteoporosis) in 2012 and in 2018. This study is an evaluation of practices in osteoporosis management in institutionalized old patients.

Methods: Evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic management in medical observations of all residents over 75 years old with a history of major fracture in 4 nursing homes.

[Anticoagulant treatment in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: position paper].

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in the elderly. The treatment of this condition is based on anticoagulation in preventing Stroke and systemic arterial embolism. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have long been the only anticoagulants available for the management of AF.

[Quality and determinants of anticoagulation therapy by AVK in elderly subjects: study of a continuous series of 155 patients hospitalized in geriatric medicine].

AVK could be prescribed in elderly patients over 75 years for the prevention of thromboembolic complications of atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective of this study was to study the quality of the anticoagulation balance by AVK and its determinants. Inclusion of all patients ≥ 75 years of age treated with AVK for an AF hospitalized in the acute geriatric department of the University hospital of Dijon.

[The clinical impact of treatment discrepancies recorded for 200 patients in an acute geriatric unit].

Introduction: Medication reconciliation is a process used to identify and prevent medication errors at care transition points in hospitals. The present study's main objectives were to quantify the frequency of inadvertent discrepancies (IDs) per patient and estimate the seriousness of the IDs' clinical impact.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, single-center study performed in a 38-bed acute geriatric unit.

[Fragility assessment in primary care: which tools for predicting what?].

Frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with high risk for falls, disability, hospitalization, and mortality. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of frailty to the Fried's criteria in primary care and its evolution and the outcome of the patients at 1 year. Descriptive prospective study of patients over 75 years coming consult three general practitioners, evaluated initially and at 1 year.

In geriatric patients, delirium symptoms are related to the anticholinergic burden.

Aim: Anticholinergic drugs are widely prescribed for elderly patients and could induce several neuropsychological disorders, especially delirium. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between anticholinergic burden and delirium symptoms.

Methods: A total of 102 patients aged over 75 years (86.

Underuse of oral anticoagulation for individuals with atrial fibrillation in a nursing home setting in France: comparisons of resident characteristics and physician attitude.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of nursing home residents diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) and eligible for oral anticoagulants who did not receive these drugs and to detail the conditions that physicians who decide not to prescribe anticoagulants take into account.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Nursing home.

Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid flow, ventricles morphology, and DTI properties in internal capsules: differences between Alzheimer's disease and normal-pressure hydrocephalus.

Background: Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have some similar clinical features and both involve white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disorders.

Purpose: To compare putative relationships between ventricular morphology, CSF flow, and white matter diffusion in AD and NPH.

Material And Methods: Thirty patients (18 with AD and 12 with suspected NPH) were included in the study.

Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in Alzheimer's disease.

Context: Few large studies have been conducted to assess the relationship between circulating IGF and late-life cognition.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) serum levels and cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: In this multicentric cross-sectional study, 694 elderly subjects (218 men, 476 women; 78.

A possible role for CSF turnover and choroid plexus in the pathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer's disease.

According to the amyloid theory, the appearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits represents a pivotal event in late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Physiologically, Aβ42 monomers are cleaned by capillary resorption, enzymatic catabolism, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport. Factors that promote the oligomerization of Aβ42 must be specified.

Reduced CSF turnover and decreased ventricular Aβ42 levels are related.

Background: The appearance of Aβ42 peptide deposits is admitted to be a key event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, although amyloid deposits also occur in aged non-demented subjects. Aβ42 is a degradation product of the amyloid protein precursor (APP). It can be catabolized by several enzymes, reabsorbed by capillaries or cleared into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

[Which brakes upon severe dementia clinical research?].

Publications devoted to severe dementia remain limited, whereas several authors underline the need to carry on clinical research in the field. The aim of this paper is to analyze the various technical, psychological and sociological factors that slow down the development of clinical research in severe dementia. To reduce these obstacles seems of main interest considering the economic, medical and human issues related to the severe stage of dementia.

Spared and impaired abilities in community-dwelling patients entering the severe stage of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Comprehensive geriatric assessments of patients entering the severe stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are scarce.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 126 patients entering the severe stage of AD in the longitudinal study of REAL.FR cohort.

IANA (International Academy on Nutrition and Aging) Expert Group: weight loss and Alzheimer's disease.

Weight loss, together with psychological and behavioural symptoms and problems of mobility, is one of the principal manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Weight loss may be associated with protein and energy malnutrition leading to severe complications (alteration of the immune system, muscular atrophy, loss of independence). Various explanations have been proposed such as atrophy of the mesial temporal cortex, biological disturbances, or feeding behaviours; however, none has been proven.

Lean mass plays a gender-specific role in familial resemblance for femoral neck bone mineral density in adult subjects.

Whether the femoral neck bone mineral density (FN BMD) of children may be better predicted from that of their parents when taking into account the anthropometry of the children was assessed in a healthy adult sample consisting of 86 mother-daughter, 32 mother-son, 32 father-daughter, and 23 father-son pairs from 128 families. Heritability for FN BMD, which is considered to be a measurement of general resemblance, was defined as the regression coefficient of the mean of the parents' BMD. Among the anthropometric factors, lean mass was the most strongly associated with FN BMD following the adjustment for age in women (r=0.