Measuring functional ability in healthy ageing: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in the Philippine older population.

Objectives: To analyse the empirical support of the functional ability concept in the healthy ageing framework developed by the WHO in a sample of the Philippine older population. According to this framework, environmental factors may enhance or hinder functional ability, which is the person's ability to do what they value, broadly represented by subjective well-being. Moreover, this network of relationships may be moderated by personal characteristics such as gender.

Socioeconomic differences in handgrip strength and its association with measures of intrinsic capacity among older adults in six middle-income countries.

Handgrip strength, a measure of muscular strength is a powerful predictor of declines in intrinsic capacity, functional abilities, the onset of morbidity and mortality among older adults. This study documents socioeconomic (SES) differences in handgrip strength among older adults aged 50 years and over in six middle-income countries and investigates the association of handgrip strength with measures of intrinsic capacity-a composite of all the physical and mental capacities of an individual. Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional population-based data from six countries from the WHO's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1 were conducted.

Intrinsic capacity and its associations with incident dependence and mortality in 10/66 Dementia Research Group studies in Latin America, India, and China: A population-based cohort study.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has reframed health and healthcare for older people around achieving the goal of healthy ageing. The recent WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) guidelines focus on maintaining intrinsic capacity, i.e.

Swāsthya, an integrated chronic condition management programme for families of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Kerala is known as the diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) capital of the world, thus compelling health professionals to model strategies, addressing their social, behavioural, and cognitive risk factors and eliminating various barriers to management. This paper describes the protocol of our study that aims to examine the effectiveness and sustainability of an integrated care model for the management of chronic conditions and their risk factors through a family-based intervention. The proposed care model targets to modify systems and processes that predispose to chronic conditions by enhancing social cohesion and social networks, preventing lifestyle risks, developing iterative cognitive interventions, and engaging the family into customised treatment adherence strategies navigated by community health social workers (CHSWs).

Cohort profile: social well-being and determinants of health study (SWADES), Kerala, India.

Purpose: In response to the need for more advanced and longitudinal data concerning chronic diseases, behavioural risk factors and social support systems in India, the SWADES (Social Well-being and Determinants of Health Study) was established.

Participants: At baseline, 997 adults aged 30 years and over, living in the semi-urban area were interviewed in their home.

Findings To Date: Data collected included self-reports of demographic details, health, depression, morbid conditions and healthcare utilisation, risk factors (physical, behavioural and social) of chronic diseases, common mental disorders, out-of-pocket expenditure, social support network, social cohesion, disability, education and wealth.

The association between, depression, anxiety, and mortality in older people across eight low- and middle-income countries: Results from the 10/66 cohort study.

Objectives: Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders in later life. Few population-based studies have investigated their potential impacts on mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study is to examine the associations between depression, anxiety, their comorbidity, and mortality in later life using a population-based cohort study across eight LMICs.

Dependence- and Disability-Free Life Expectancy Across Eight Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A 10/66 Study.

The objective of this study was to estimate healthy life expectancies in eight low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), using two indicators: disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and dependence-free life expectancy (DepFLE). Using the Sullivan method, healthy life expectancy was calculated based on the prevalence of dependence and disability from the 10/66 cohort study, which included 16,990 people aged 65 or above in China, Cuba, Dominican Republic, India, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela, and country-specific life tables from the World Population Prospects 2017. DFLE and DepFLE declined with older age across all sites and were higher in women than men.

The Prevalence and Correlates of Frailty in Urban and Rural Populations in Latin America, China, and India: A 10/66 Population-Based Survey.

Background: There have been few cross-national studies of the prevalence of the frailty phenotype conducted among low or middle income countries. We aimed to study the variation in prevalence and correlates of frailty in rural and urban sites in Latin America, India, and China.

Methods: Cross-sectional population-based catchment area surveys conducted in 8 urban and 4 rural catchment areas in 8 countries; Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Peru, Mexico, China, and India.

Calibrating EASY-Care independence scale to improve accuracy.

Background: there is currently limited support for the reliability and validity of the EASY-Care independence scale, with little work carried out in low- or middle-income countries. Therefore, we assessed the internal construct validity and hierarchical and classical scaling properties among frail dependent older people in the community.

Objective: we assessed the internal construct validity and hierarchical and classical scaling properties among frail dependent older people in the community.

The magnitude of and health system responses to the mental health treatment gap in adults in India and China.

This Series paper describes the first systematic effort to review the unmet mental health needs of adults in China and India. The evidence shows that contact coverage for the most common mental and substance use disorders is very low. Effective coverage is even lower, even for severe disorders such as psychotic disorders and epilepsy.

Estimating the proportion of persons with diabetes developing diabetic retinopathy in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Available evidence from India shows that the control of diabetes is poor in majority of the population. This escalates the risk of complications. There is no systematic review to estimate the magnitude of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in India.

Perception of care and barriers to treatment in individuals with diabetic retinopathy in India: 11-city 9-state study.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of visual impairment. Low awareness about the disease and inequitable distribution of care are major challenges in India.

Objectives: Assess perception of care and challenges faced in availing care among diabetics.

Perceptions and practices related to diabetes reported by persons with diabetes attending diabetic care clinics: The India 11-city 9-state study.

Background: India has the second largest population of persons with diabetes and a significant proportion has poor glycemic control and inadequate awareness of management of diabetes.

Objectives: Determine the level of awareness regarding management of diabetes and its complications and diabetic care practices in India.

Methods: The cross-sectional, hospital-based survey was conducted in 11 cities where public and private providers of diabetic care were identified.

Human resources, patient load, and infrastructure at institutions providing diabetic care in India: The India 11-city 9-state study.

Background: There is a lack of information on the practice patterns and available human resources and services for screening for eye complications among persons with diabetes in India.

Objectives: The study was undertaken to document existing health care infrastructure and practice patterns for managing diabetes and screening for eye complications.

Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based survey was conducted in 11 cities where public and private diabetic care providers were identified.

The Prevalence, Correlates, Detection and Control of Diabetes among Older People in Low and Middle Income Countries. A 10/66 Dementia Research Group Population-Based Survey.

Background: Little is known of the epidemiology of diabetes among older people in low and middle income countries. We aimed to study and compare prevalence, social patterning, correlates, detection, treatment and control of diabetes among older people in Latin America, India, China and Nigeria.

Methods: Cross-sectional surveys in 13 catchment area sites in nine countries.

Frailty and the prediction of dependence and mortality in low- and middle-income countries: a 10/66 population-based cohort study.

Background: In countries with high incomes, frailty indicators predict adverse outcomes in older people, despite a lack of consensus on definition or measurement. We tested the predictive validity of physical and multidimensional frailty phenotypes in settings in Latin America, India, and China.

Methods: Population-based cohort studies were conducted in catchment area sites in Cuba, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Mexico, Peru, India, and China.

Psychological well-being of parents and family caregivers of children with hearing impairment in south India: influence of behavioural problems in children and social support.

Parents of children with hearing impairment are at increased risk of mental health morbidities. We examined the predictive factors associated with caregiver's strain and psychological morbidities in parents and family caregivers of children with hearing impairment. In total, n = 201 parents and family caregivers of children with and without hearing impairment aged 3 to 16 years were recruited.

Is hypertension associated with job strain? A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Job strain results from a combination of high workload and few decision-making opportunities in the workplace. There is inconsistent evidence regarding the association between job strain and hypertension, and methodological shortcomings preclude firm conclusions. Thus, a meta-analysis of observational studies on hypertension among occupational groups was conducted to determine whether job strain was associated with hypertension.

Is hypertension associated with job strain? A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Job strain results from a combination of high workload and few decision-making opportunities in the workplace. There is inconsistent evidence regarding the association between job strain and hypertension, and methodological shortcomings preclude firm conclusions. Thus, a meta-analysis of observational studies on hypertension among occupational groups was conducted to determine whether job strain was associated with hypertension.

The methods and outcomes of cultural adaptations of psychological treatments for depressive disorders: a systematic review.

Background: Cultural adaptations of evidence-based psychological treatments (PTs) are important to enhance their universal applicability. The aim of this study was to review systematically the literature on adaptations of PTs for depressive disorders for ethnic minorities in Western countries and for any population in non-Western countries to describe the process, extent and nature of the adaptations and the effectiveness of the adapted treatments.

Method: Controlled trials were identified using database searches, key informants, previous reviews and reference lists.

Dementia incidence and mortality in middle-income countries, and associations with indicators of cognitive reserve: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based cohort study.

Background: Results of the few cohort studies from countries with low incomes or middle incomes suggest a lower incidence of dementia than in high-income countries. We assessed incidence of dementia according to criteria from the 10/66 Dementia Research Group and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV, the effect of dementia at baseline on mortality, and the independent effects of age, sex, socioeconomic position, and indicators of cognitive reserve.

Methods: We did a population-based cohort study of all people aged 65 years and older living in urban sites in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela, and rural and urban sites in Peru, Mexico, and China, with ascertainment of incident 10/66 and DSM-IV dementia 3-5 years after cohort inception.

Strain and its correlates among carers of people with dementia in low-income and middle-income countries. A 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based survey.

Objectives: In a multi-site population-based study in several middle-income countries, we aimed to investigate relative contributions of care arrangements and characteristics of carers and care recipients to strain among carers of people with dementia. Based on previous research, hypotheses focused on carer sex, care inputs, behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and socioeconomic status, together with potential buffering effects of informal support and employing paid carers.

Methods: In population-based catchment area surveys in 11 sites in Latin America, India and China, we analysed data collected from people with dementia and care needs, and their carers.