Corrigendum: A structural connectivity atlas of limbic brainstem nuclei.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.

Ventral targeted anterior capsulotomy for treatment-resistant depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A treatment method with cases.

Background: Ablative surgery using bilateral anterior capsulotomy (BAC) is an option for treatment resistant depression (TRD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (TROCD). The location and extent of the lesion within anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) remains uncertain. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the lesion should be located ventrally while limiting the dorsal extent.

Deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: modulation of the limbic-motor interface network.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for medically refractory Tourette syndrome (TS). Several effective targets have been reported, but there is still controversy about the networks involved in the efficacy of DBS for TS. Here, the authors aimed to identify the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical networks associated with tic and obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB) improvement and the network link between the two main targets for TS.

Deep-brain stimulation of the human nucleus accumbens-medial septum enhances memory formation.

Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is a potential novel treatment for memory dysfunction. Current attempts to enhance memory focus on stimulating human hippocampus or entorhinal cortex. However, an alternative strategy is to stimulate brain areas providing modulatory inputs to medial temporal memory-related structures, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which is implicated in enhancing episodic memory encoding.

A structural connectivity atlas of limbic brainstem nuclei.

Background: Understanding the structural connectivity of key brainstem nuclei with limbic cortical regions is essential to the development of therapeutic neuromodulation for depression, chronic pain, addiction, anxiety and movement disorders. Several brainstem nuclei have been identified as the primary central nervous system (CNS) source of important monoaminergic ascending fibers including the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus, and dopaminergic ventral tegmental area. However, due to practical challenges to their study, there is limited data regarding their anatomic connectivity in humans.

White matter connectivity of subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus interna targets for deep brain stimulation.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus interna (GPi) have differential therapeutic effects for Parkinson's disease (PD) that drive patient selection. For example, GPi DBS is preferred for dystonic features and dyskinesia, whereas STN DBS has shown faster tremor control and medication reduction. Connectivity studies comparing these two targets, using patient-specific data, are still lacking.

Connectivity-based parcellation of the amygdala and identification of its main white matter connections.

The amygdala plays a role in emotion, learning, and memory and has been implicated in behavioral disorders. Better understanding of the amygdala circuitry is crucial to develop new therapies for these disorders. We used data from 200 healthy-subjects from the human connectome project.

Sweet spots of standard and directional leads in patients with refractory essential tremor: white matter pathways associated with maximal tremor improvement.

Objective: In patients with essential tremor (ET) treated with standard deep brain stimulation (sDBS) whose ET had progressed and who no longer received optimal benefit from sDBS, directional deep brain stimulation (dDBS) may provide better tremor control. Current steering may provide better coverage of subcortical structures related to tremor control in patients with ET and significant progression without optimal response to sDBS.

Methods: This study included 6 patients with ET initially treated with sDBS whose tremor later progressed and who then underwent reimplantation with dDBS to optimize their tremor control.

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pallidofugal Pathways to Rescue Severe Life-Threatening Dyskinesias after STN-DBS Lead Implantation.

We present a patient with severe life-threatening dyskinesias due to a persistent microlesion effect after STN-DBS electrode implantation. The pallidofugal pathways were identified using patient-specific tractography, and steering the current toward this white matter structure resulted in complete resolution of the severe dyskinesias.

Constrained-Spherical Deconvolution Tractography in the Evaluation of the Corticospinal Tract in Glioma Surgery.

Tractography has demonstrated utility for surgical resection in the setting of primary brain tumors involving eloquent white matter (WM) pathways. Twelve patients with glioma in or near eloquent motor areas were analyzed. The motor status was recorded before and after surgery.

Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Can Target the Thalamic "Sweet Spot" for Improving Neuropathic Dental Pain.

Background: Neuropathic dental pain (NDP) is a chronic pain condition that is notoriously difficult to treat. To date, there are no deep brain stimulation (DBS) studies on this specific pain condition and no optimal target or "sweet spot" has ever been defined.

Objective: To determine the optimal thalamic target for improving this condition by utilizing the steering abilities of a directional DBS electrode (Vercise CartesiaTM Model DB-2202-45, Boston Scientific).

Tractography-Guided Anterior Capsulotomy for Major Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Targeting the Emotion Network.

Background: Bilateral anterior capsulotomy (BAC) is an effective surgical option for patients with treatment-resistant major depression (TRMD) and treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (TROCD). The size of the lesion and its precise dorsal-ventral location within the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) remain undefined.

Objective: To present a method to identify the trajectories of the associative and limbic white matter pathways within the ALIC for targeting in BAC surgery.

Tremor and Quality of Life in Patients With Advanced Essential Tremor Before and After Replacing Their Standard Deep Brain Stimulation With a Directional System.

Objectives: Patients with essential tremor treated with thalamic deep brain stimulation may experience increased tremor with the progression of their disease. Initially, this can be counteracted with increased stimulation. Eventually, this may cause unwanted side-effects as the circumferential stimulation from a standard ring contact spreads into adjacent regions.

Laser thermal therapy in the management of high-grade gliomas.

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive therapy that have been used for brain tumors, epilepsy, chronic pain, and other spine pathologies. This therapy is performed under imaging and stereotactic guidance to precisely direct the probe and ablate the area of interest using real-time magnetic resonance (MR) thermography. LITT has gained popularity as a treatment for glioma because of its minimally invasive nature, small skin incision, repeatability, shorter hospital stay, and the possibility of receiving adjuvant therapy shortly after surgery instead of several weeks as required after open surgical resection.

An Analysis of Clinical Outcome and Tractography following Bilateral Anterior Capsulotomy for Depression.

Introduction: Bilateral anterior capsulotomy (BAC) is an effective surgical procedure for patients with treatment-resistant major depression (TRMD). In this work, we analyze the connectivity of the BAC lesions to identify connectivity "fingerprints" associated with clinical outcomes in patients with TRMD.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of ten patients following BAC surgery.

Concurrent Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia and Hemi-Laryngopharyngeal Spasm (HeLPS): A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.

Background And Importance: Hemi-laryngopharyngeal spasm (HeLPS) has been recently described but is not yet widely recognized. Patients describe intermittent coughing and choking and can be cured following microvascular decompression of their Xth cranial nerve. This case report and literature review highlight that HeLPS can co-occur with glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GN) and has been previously described (but not recognized) in the neurosurgical literature.

Modulation of Nigrofugal and Pallidofugal Pathways in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established surgical therapy for patients with Parkinson disease (PD).

Objective: To define the role of adjacent white matter stimulation in the effectiveness of STN-DBS.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 43 patients with PD who received bilateral STN-DBS.

Stimulation of the Tractography-Defined Subthalamic Nucleus Regions Correlates With Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established surgical treatment for patients with Parkinson disease (PD), there is still controversy about the relationship between the functional segregation of the STN and clinical outcomes.

Objective: To correlate motor and neuropsychological (NPS) outcomes with the overlap between the volume of activated tissue (VAT) and the tractography-defined regions within the STN.

Methods: Retrospective study evaluating 13 patients with PD treated with STN-DBS.

Personalized striatal targets for deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background: Psychiatric conditions currently treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS), such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), are heterogeneous diseases with different symptomatic dimensions, indicating that fixed neuroanatomical DBS targets for all OCD cases may not be efficacious.

Objective/hypothesis: We tested whether the optimal DBS target for OCD is fixed for all patients or whether it is individualized and related to each patient's symptomatic content. Further, we explored if the optimal target can be predicted by combining functional neuroimaging and structural connectivity.