Deformable Mapping of Rectal Cancer Whole-Mount Histology with Restaging MRI at Voxel Scale: A Feasibility Study.

Purpose To develop a radiology-pathology coregistration method for 1:1 automated spatial mapping between preoperative rectal MRI and ex vivo rectal whole-mount histology (WMH). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included consecutive patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent total neoadjuvant therapy followed by total mesorectal excision with preoperative rectal MRI and WMH from January 2019 to January 2022. A gastrointestinal pathologist and a radiologist established three corresponding levels for each patient at rectal MRI and WMH, subsequently delineating external and internal rectal wall contours and the tumor bed at each level and defining eight point-based landmarks.

Watch & wait - Post neoadjuvant imaging for rectal cancer.

Rectal cancer management has evolved over the past decade with the emergence of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). For select patients who achieve a clinical complete response following TNT, organ preservation by means of the watch-and-wait (WW) strategy is an increasingly adopted alternative that preserves rectal function and quality of life without compromising oncologic outcomes. Recently, published 5-year results from the OPRA trial demonstrated that organ preservation can be achieved in approximately half of patients managed with the WW strategy, with most local regrowth events occurring within two years.

High-Sensitivity Mutation Analysis of Cell-Free DNA for Disease Monitoring in Endometrial Cancer.

Purpose: We sought to determine whether sequencing analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with prospectively accrued endometrial cancer captures the mutational repertoire of the primary lesion and allows for disease monitoring.

Experimental Design: Peripheral blood was prospectively collected from 44 newly diagnosed patients with endometrial cancer over a 24-month period (i.e.

Oncologic Outcomes after Localized Prostate Cancer Treatment: Associations with Pretreatment Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.

Purpose: We investigated whether T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings could improve upon established prognostic indicators of metastatic disease and prostate cancer specific survival.

Materials And Methods: For a cohort of 3,406 consecutive men who underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging before prostatectomy (2,160) or radiotherapy (1,246) between 2001 and 2006, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging exams were retrospectively interpreted and categorized as I) no focal suspicious lesion, II) organ confined focal lesion, III) focal lesion with extraprostatic extension or IV) focal lesion with seminal vesicle invasion. Clinical risk was recorded based on European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines and the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) scoring system.

Machine learning-based prediction of microsatellite instability and high tumor mutation burden from contrast-enhanced computed tomography in endometrial cancers.

To evaluate whether radiomic features from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) can identify DNA mismatch repair deficient (MMR-D) and/or tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) endometrial cancers (ECs). Patients who underwent targeted massively parallel sequencing of primary ECs between 2014 and 2018 and preoperative CE-CT were included (n = 150). Molecular subtypes of EC were assigned using DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) hotspot mutations and immunohistochemistry-based p53 and MMR protein expression.

Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prostate Cancer Assessment.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance is assuming an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, initial assessment and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer. This paper offers a more complex insight into the application of magnetic resonance imaging with prostate cancer, with a current literature overview. The focus is on the problem of initial prostate cancer evaluation which strongly affects further decision-making and therapeutic interventions.