Effects of Exogenous Erythropoietin on Rabbit () Hematological and Biochemical Parameters.

Rabbits can develop anemia due to serial phlebotomy or secondary to induced disease states. This study evaluated the effects of a single injection and three consecutive injections of erythropoietin in rabbits at 150 IU/kg and 1,000 IU/kg in order to determine whether these dosages produce a sustained increase in hematocrit. Analysis of CBC and chemistry parameters showed significant elevation in hematocrit one week after administration of 1,000 IU/kg erythropoietin for three consecutive days.

Ultra-long-acting in-situ forming implants with cabotegravir protect female macaques against rectal SHIV infection.

Ultra-long-acting delivery platforms for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may increase adherence and maximize public health benefit. We report on an injectable, biodegradable, and removable in-situ forming implant (ISFI) that is administered subcutaneously and can release the integrase inhibitor cabotegravir (CAB) above protective benchmarks for more than 6 months. CAB ISFIs are well-tolerated in female mice and female macaques showing no signs of toxicity or chronic inflammation.

Mouse models of Ebola virus tolerance and lethality: characterization of CD-1 mice infected with wild-type, guinea pig-adapted, or mouse-adapted virus.

Development of lethal models of Ebola virus disease has been achieved by the serial passage of virus isolates from human cases in mice and guinea pigs. Use of mice infected with non-adapted virus has been limited due to the absence of overt clinical disease. In recent years, newly recognized sequelae identified in human cases has highlighted the importance of continued investigations of non-lethal infection both in humans and animal models.

Comparative Assessment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants in the Ferret Model.

The continued spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans necessitates evaluation of variants for enhanced virulence and transmission. We used the ferret model to perform a comparative analysis of four SARS-CoV-2 strains, including an early pandemic isolate from the United States (WA1), and representatives of the Alpha, Beta, and Delta lineages. While Beta virus was not capable of pronounced replication in ferrets, WA1, Alpha, and Delta viruses productively replicated in the ferret upper respiratory tract, despite causing only mild disease with no overt histopathological changes.

Volume-Associated Clinical and Histopathological Effects of Intranasal Instillation in Syrian Hamsters: Considerations for Infection and Therapeutic Studies.

Syrian hamsters are a key animal model of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses and are useful for the evaluation of associated medical countermeasures. Delivery of an infectious agent or intervention to the respiratory tract mirrors natural routes of exposure and allows for the evaluation of clinically relevant therapeutic administration. The data to support instillation or inoculation volumes are important both for optimal experimental design and to minimize or avoid effects of diluent alone, which may compromise both data interpretation and animal welfare.

Beneficial Effects of Flaxseed and/or Mulberry Extracts Supplementation in Ovariectomized Wistar Rats.

Low endogenous estrogen action causes several injuries. Medicinal plants, such as flaxseed and mulberry, contain substances that have been shown to be effective to the organism. The aim was to verify the effects of flaxseed and/or mulberry extracts on ovariectomized Wistar rats.

Fatty acids composition and in vivo biochemical effects of Aleurites moluccana seed (Candlenut) in obese wistar rats.

Background: Candlenut (CN) has been used indiscriminately for weight loss. In vivo effects of CN in different doses are scarce.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of CN ingestion in obese rats.

Effect of Time Since Death on Multipathogen Molecular Test Results of Postmortem Specimens Collected Using Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Techniques.

Background: We used postmortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) to assess the effect of time since death on molecular detection of pathogens among respiratory illness-associated deaths.

Methods: Samples were collected from 20 deceased children (aged 1-59 months) hospitalized with respiratory illness from May 2018 through February 2019. Serial lung and/or liver and blood samples were collected using MITS starting soon after death and every 6 hours thereafter for up to 72 hours.

Histopathology Is Key to Interpreting Multiplex Molecular Test Results From Postmortem Minimally Invasive Tissue Samples.

Background: Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) is an alternative to complete autopsy for determining causes of death. Multiplex molecular testing performed on MITS specimens poses challenges of interpretation, due to high sensitivity and indiscriminate detection of pathogenic, commensal, or contaminating microorganisms.

Methods: MITS was performed on 20 deceased children with respiratory illness, at 10 timepoints up to 88 hours postmortem.

Pathology and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with Fatal Coronavirus Disease, United States.

An ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Characterization of the histopathology and cellular localization of SARS-CoV-2 in the tissues of patients with fatal COVID-19 is critical to further understand its pathogenesis and transmission and for public health prevention measures. We report clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings in tissues from 8 fatal laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States.

Antibody kinetics in goats and conceptuses naturally infected with Neospora caninum.

Neospora caninum is a protozoan which can cause abortions in caprines. However, information regarding the humoral immune response and the occurrence of reproductive disorders is scarce. This is the first study in which the kinetics of antibodies is studied in pregnant goats naturally infected by N.