Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Cerebral microvascular dysfunction and nitro-oxidative stress are present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to disease progression and severity. A pro-nitro-oxidative environment can lead to post-translational modifications of ion channels central to microvascular regulation in the brain, including the large conductance Ca-activated K channels (BK). Nitro-oxidative modulation of BK can resulting in decreased activity and vascular hyper-contractility, thus compromising neurovascular regulation.

Sex-specific mechanisms of cerebral microvascular BK dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD), impairing hemodynamic regulation. Large conductance Ca-activated K channels (BK) regulate cerebrovascular reactivity and are impaired in AD. BK activity depends on intracellular Ca (Ca sparks) and nitro-oxidative post-translational modifications.

Cyto and genotoxicity induced by acute exposure to Novacron® Bold Deep Navy dye on Astyanax lacustris can be reduced after treatment through a vertical flow constructed wetland system.

Reactive dyes used in the textile industry can be harmful to aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the potential cyto/genotoxic effects of the Novacron® Bold Deep Navy reactive dye on fish Astyanax lacustris before and after treatment through a vertical flow constructed wetland system (VFCW). Micronucleus test (MN), cellular morphological changes (CMC), and the comet assay were used to assess the effects of the dye in erythrocytes.

In Vivo Test to Evaluate the Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Natural Zeolite (NZ) Functionalized with Silver Nanoparticles (NZ-AgNPs) on Erythrocytes of Yellowtail Tetra Fish Astyanax lacustris.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have unique properties such as chemical stability, malleability, flexibility, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and catalytic activity, making them suitable for various applications. However, they also pose potential toxicity and environmental contamination risks. Natural zeolites (NZs) are considered excellent inorganic support for reducing the toxicity of AgNPs.

Acute Chikungunya Infection Induces Vascular Dysfunction by Directly Disrupting Redox Signaling in Endothelial Cells.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is characterized by febrile illness, severe joint pain, myalgia, and cardiovascular complications. Given that CHIKV stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, events that disrupt vascular homeostasis, we hypothesized that CHIKV induces arterial dysfunction by directly impacting redox-related mechanisms in vascular cells. Wild-type (WT) and iNOS (iNOS) mice were administered either CHIKV (1.

The effect of acute exposure of yellowtail tetra fish Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) to the glyphosate-based herbicide Templo®.

The herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) efficiently eliminates weeds, is frequently present in surface waters, and may damage the health of various non-target organisms. The main objective of this study was to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in erythrocytes, DNA, and chromosomes of native South American fish Astyanax lacustris exposed to a glyphosate-based commercial herbicide Templo®. The presenty study evaluated the presence of micronuclei (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CA), DNA damage revealed by comet assay, and cellular morphological changes (CMC) as biomarkers.

Experimental investigation of the chaotification of a Duffing-like electronic oscillator under two-frequency excitation.

Two-frequency excitation has recently emerged as an efficient method to generate strong chaotification of Duffing and Duffing-like dynamical systems with both single- and double-well potentials. For the systems with a double-well potential, large continuous regions with robust chaos (chaotic attractor insensitive to changes in the system parameters) have been predicted to exist when the method is applied. Motivated by these theoretical results, in this work, we investigate experimentally the chaotification under two-frequency excitation of a simple electronic circuit analogous to the double-well Duffing oscillator.

Metritis and the uterine disease microbiome are associated with long-term changes in the endometrium of dairy cows†.

Cows with metritis (uterine disease) during the first 1 to 2 weeks postpartum have lower pregnancy rates when inseminated later postpartum (typically >10 weeks). We hypothesized that metritis and the disease-associated uterine microbiome have a long-term effect on endometrial gene expression. Changes in gene expression may inform a mechanism through which disease lowers pregnancy rates.

Macrophage-derived human resistin promotes perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction in experimental inflammatory arthritis.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Resistin is an adipokine that induces adipose tissue inflammation and activation of monocytes/macrophages via adenylate cyclase-associated protein-1 (CAP1). Resistin levels are increased in RA and might cause perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction, leading to vascular damage and CVD.

The use of integrative tools and multiple models for aquatic environmental quality assessment: a case study of the Mirim Lagoon, Southern Brazil.

This study performed toxicity assays with microalgae, microcrustaceans, and fish as well as evaluated biochemical and behavioral biomarkers in fish and microcrustaceans to assess the quality of the surface water of Mirim Lagoon, which belongs to one of the largest hydrographic basins in the world, located in southern Brazil. Three distinct sampling periods were chosen (January, March, and June 2022) based on the rice plantation dynamics which is the main activity surrounding the lagoon. In January, the plantation is irrigated; in March, the water is drained into the Mirim Lagoon, and July is the off-season.

Pharmacological activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 prevents hyperglycemia-induced renal oxidative damage: Possible involvement of O-GlcNAcylation.

Hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for kidney diseases. Oxidative stress, caused by reactive oxygen species, is a key factor in the development of kidney abnormalities related to hyperglycemia. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) plays a crucial role in defending cells against oxidative stress by activating genes that produce antioxidants.

Endothelial K2 channel dysfunction in aged cerebral parenchymal arterioles.

Aging is associated with cognitive decline incompletely understood mechanisms. Cerebral microvascular dysfunction occurs in aging, particularly impaired endothelium-mediated dilation. Parenchymal arterioles are bottlenecks of the cerebral microcirculation, and dysfunction causes a mismatch in nutrient demand and delivery, leaving neurons at risk.

Testing the Induction of Metritis in Healthy Postpartum Primiparous Cows Challenged with a Cocktail of Bacteria.

Metritis is a postpartum uterine disease with greater incidence in primiparous than in multiparous cows. In primiparous cows, the impact on production and health is lessened, presumably due to a superior immune response. Here, we tested whether an in vivo model of clinical metritis induction developed for postpartum multiparous Holstein cows would produce similar results in primiparous cows.

Sex-specific mechanisms of cerebral microvascular BK dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Cerebral microvascular dysfunction and nitro-oxidative stress are present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to disease progression and severity. Large conductance Ca -activated K channels (BK ) play an essential role in vasodilatory responses and maintenance of myogenic tone in resistance arteries. BK impairment can lead to microvascular dysfunction and hemodynamic deficits in the brain.

Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons as a Target for Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recordings.

Kisspeptins are essential for the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and fertility. Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons located in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and rostral periventricular nucleus, as well as the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, project to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, among other cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that kisspeptin signaling occurs through the Kiss1 receptor (Kiss1r), ultimately exciting GnRH neuron activity.

Toxicological Effects of Copaiba Oil ( spp.) and Its Active Components.

Vegetable oils are among the most important traditional resources of Amazonia. Oleoresins are a type of oil that have interesting characteristics and highly bioactive properties with pharmacological potential. Oleoresins produced in the trunks of (Fabaceae) spp.

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of textile production effluents, before and after Bacillus subitilis bioremediation, in Astyanax lacustris (Pisces, Characidae).

Textile effluents may be highly toxic and mutagenic. Monitoring studies are important for sustaining the aquatic ecosystems contaminated by these materials, which can cause damage to organisms and loss of biodiversity. We have evaluated the cyto- and genotoxicity of textile effluents on erythrocytes of Astyanax lacustris, before and after bioremediation by Bacillus subitilis treatment.

Cerebral arteriolar and neurovascular dysfunction after chemically induced menopause in mice.

Cognitive decline is linked to decreased cerebral blood flow, particularly in women after menopause. Impaired cerebrovascular function precedes the onset of dementia, possibly because of reduced functional dilation in parenchymal arterioles. These vessels are bottlenecks of the cerebral microcirculation, and dysfunction can limit functional hyperemia in the brain.

Gap junctions regulate the activity of AgRP neurons and diet-induced obesity in male mice.

Recent studies indicated an important role of connexins, gap junction proteins, in the regulation of metabolism. However, most of these studies focused on the glial expression of connexins, whereas the actions of connexins in neurons are still poorly investigated. Thus, the present study had the objective to investigate the possible involvement of gap junctions, and in particular connexin 43 (CX43), for the central regulation of energy homeostasis.

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation contributes to high-fat diet-induced vascular dysfunction.

Background And Purpose: Metabolic and vascular dysfunction are common features of obesity. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) regulates lipid metabolism and vascular homeostasis, but whether vascular AhR are activated in obesity or have a protective and/or harmful effects on vascular function in obesity are unknown. Our study addresses whether AhR activation contributes to obesity-associated vascular dysfunction and the mechanisms involved in these AhR effects.

Blockade of protease-activated receptor 2 attenuates allergenmediated acute lung inflammation and leukocyte recruitment in mice.

Protease-activated receptor (PAR)2 has been implicated in mediating allergic airway inflammation.We investigate the role of PAR2 in lung inflammation and neutrophil and eosinophil recruitment into the lungs in amousemodel of shortterm acute allergic inflammation. Allergic lung inflammation was induced in sensitized BALB/c mice through intranasal instillations of ovalbumin (OVA), and mice were pretreated with the PAR2 antagonist ENMD1068 or with the PAR2-activating peptide (PAR2-AP) 1 hour before each OVA challenge.

In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, and in vitro antioxidant, antiglycant and anti-neuroinflammatory actions of Syzygium malaccense.

Syzygium malaccense is popularly used to treat inflammation and pain-related ailments. The species was assessed regarding its antioxidant, antiglycant, anti-inflammatory, including anti-neuroinflammatory, and antinociceptive activities. Different models were employed to measure S.

Lysophosphatidylcholine induces oxidative stress in human endothelial cells via NOX5 activation - implications in atherosclerosis.

Objective: The mechanisms involved in NOX5 activation in atherosclerotic processes are not completely understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a proatherogenic component of oxLDL, induces endothelial calcium influx, which drives NOX5-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction.

Approach: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were stimulated with LPC (10-5 M, for different time points).

Aldosterone Negatively Regulates Nrf2 Activity: An Additional Mechanism Contributing to Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction by Aldosterone.

High levels of aldosterone (Aldo) trigger oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction independent of effects on blood pressure. We sought to determine whether Aldo disrupts Nrf2 signaling, the main transcriptional factor involved in antioxidant responses that aggravate cell injury. Thoracic aorta from male C57Bl/6J mice and cultured human endothelial cells (EA.

NLRP1 acts as a negative regulator of Th17 cell programming in mice and humans with autoimmune diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells. We show here that the protein NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) has a key role in the pathogenesis of mouse and human T1D. More specifically, downregulation of NLRP1 expression occurs during T helper 17 (Th17) differentiation, alongside greater expression of several molecules related to Th17 cell differentiation in a signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent pathway.