Thirty days of combined consumption of a high-fat diet and fructose-rich beverages promotes insulin resistance and modulates inflammatory response and histomorphometry parameters of liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue in Wistar rats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the effects of consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with fructose-rich beverages (FRT) in promoting metabolic and physiologic changes associated with insulin resistance.

Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats (250 ± 10 g) were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8) that received either a standard diet (CON), HFD, FRT, or HFD + FRT for 30 d. Insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were evaluated using the insulin tolerance test (ITT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Mechanisms underlying fat pad remodeling induced by fasting: role of PAF receptor.

Objectives: Fasting has long been practiced for political and religious reasons and to lose weight. However, biological responses during fasting have yet to be fully understood. Previous studies have shown that cytokines may control fat pad expansion, at least in part, owing to the induction of lipolysis.

Role of adipose tissue inflammation in fat pad loss induced by fasting in lean and mildly obese mice.

Inflammation induced by obesity contributes to insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Indeed, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines trigger chronic low-grade inflammation and promote detrimental metabolic effects in the adipose tissue. On the other hand, inflammation seems to control fat pad expansion and to have important functions on lipolysis and glucose metabolism.

Aerobic training reduces immune cell recruitment and cytokine levels in adipose tissue in obese mice.

Obesity is associated with an energy imbalance that results from excessive energy intake, low diet quality, and a sedentary lifestyle. The increased consumption of a high-refined carbohydrate (HC) diet is strongly related to higher adiposity and low-grade inflammation. Aerobic training is a well-known nonpharmacological intervention to treat obesity and metabolic disturbances.