Dual Process Clinical Reasoning Assessment: Quantifying the Qualitative.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe a standardized clinical reasoning (CR) assessment process for preclinical physician assistant (PA) students; (2) describe student grades on a checklist by comparing clinical faculty members' judgment on a global rating scale (GRS) with judgments made by a faculty panel; and (3) evaluate interrater reliability between individual faculty members' grading and faculty panel grading.

Methods: Three clinical faculty members created a checklist to assess preclinical PA students' CR on a standardized patient assessment. Individual faculty graders and a panel of faculty graders evaluated student performance.

Can cardiac auscultation accuracy be improved with an additional app-based learning tool?

Introduction: Many institutions use simulation 'events' to instruct cardiac auscultation. Research shows that these 'one and done' events limit repetition, are costly and do not incorporate learning science techniques, such as spaced learning and retrieval practice. The Littmann Learning™ mobile app, which has unlimited access to a large library of real patient heart sounds, is a cost-effective tool that we considered could be leveraged by educators to provide this training.