COVID-19 Related Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, has proven neurotropism and causes a multitude of neurologic manifestations. Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitis (AHNE), though rare, can be seen in patients with severe infection and is associated with devastating neurologic outcomes. The true prevalence of this syndrome is unknown due to underrecognition, difficulty in timely acquisition of neuroimaging, and high mortality in this subset of patients escaping detection.

A Triage Model for Interhospital Transfers of Low Risk Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients.

Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage comprises a large proportion of inter-hospital transfers to comprehensive stroke centers from centers without comprehensive stroke center resources despite lack of mortality benefit and low comprehensive stroke center resource utilization. The subset of patients who derive the most benefit from inter-hospital transfers is unclear. Here, we create a triage model to identify patients who can safely avoid transfer to a comprehensive stroke center.

Combination of Intra-Hematomal Hypodensity on CT and BRAIN Scoring Improves Prediction of Hemorrhage Expansion in ICH.

Background: Hematoma expansion (HE) occurs in 1/3 of ICH patients and is associated with poor outcome. Intra-hematomal hypodensity (IHH) on CT has been reported to predict HE, as has the "BRAIN" score. We sought to assess the predictive value of these markers alone and in combination.

Normonatremic osmotic demyelination in the setting of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and malnutrition: case report and literature review.

In this report, we present the case of a 43-year-old woman with AIDS, disseminated aspergillosis, and malnutrition who developed osmotic demyelination syndrome. AIDS-related osmotic demyelination has only been documented in a handful of cases to date, and it appears independent of the classic mechanism of rapid correction of hyponatremia. In this manuscript, we review the six prior cases of osmotic demyelination in AIDS patients and compare their circumstances to that of our own patient.

Diagnosis and Management of Coagulopathy-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Coagulopathy, defined as impaired clot formation, is common in intensive care units (ICUs). Many physiological derangements lead to dysfunctional hemostasis in the ICU; most of these are acquired rather than congenital. Coagulopathies in the ICU are often related to systemic diseases, autoimmune dysfunction, acute infection, organ dysfunction, therapeutic medications, and/or other medical treatments.