Validity and reliability of capillary vs. Venous blood for the assessment of haemoglobin mass and intravascular volumes.

Haemoglobin mass (Hbmass) assessment with the carbon monoxide rebreathing method is a more accurate estimate than other measures of oxygen-carrying capacity. Blood may be collected by several means and differences in the measured variables may exist as a result. The present study assessed the validity and reliability of calculated Hbmass and intravascular volumes obtained from capillary blood (CAP) when compared to venous blood (VEN) draws.

Oxygen uptake kinetics and ventilatory and metabolic parameters do not differ between moderate-intensity front crawl and breaststroke swimming.

Pulmonary oxygen uptake ( ) kinetics have been well studied during land-based exercise. However, less is known about kinetics during swimming exercise and comparisons between strokes is non-existent. We aimed to characterize and compare the kinetics, ventilatory,e and metabolic response to constant velocity moderate-intensity freely breathing front crawl (FC) and breaststroke (BR) swimming in a swimming flume.

Heterogeneity of Hematological Response to Hypoxia and Short-Term or Medium-Term Bed Rest.

Hematological changes are commonly observed following prolonged exposure to hypoxia and bed rest. Typically, such responses have been reported as means and standard deviations, however, investigation into the responses of individuals is insufficient. Therefore, the present study retrospectively assessed individual variation in the hematological responses to severe inactivity (bed rest) and hypoxia.

Intraocular pressure during handgrip exercise: The effect of posture and hypercapnia in young males.

Purpose: As part of our investigations of intraocular pressure (IOP) as a potential contributing factor to the spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome using the 6° head-down tilt (6°HDT) bed rest experimental model, we compared the effect of rest and isometric exercise in prone and supine 6°HDT positions on IOP with that observed in the seated position.

Methods: Ten male volunteers (age = 22.5 ± 3.

Heat acclimation enhances the cold-induced vasodilation response.

Purpose: It has been reported that the cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) response can be trained using either regular local cold stimulation or exercise training. The present study investigated whether repeated exposure to environmental stressors, known to improve aerobic performance (heat and/or hypoxia), could also provide benefit to the CIVD response.

Methods: Forty male participants undertook three 10-day acclimation protocols including daily exercise training: heat acclimation (HeA; daily exercise training at an ambient temperature, T = 35 °C), combined heat and hypoxic acclimation (HeA/HypA; daily exercise training at T = 35 °C, while confined to a simulated altitude of ~ 4000 m) and exercise training in normoxic thermoneutral conditions (NorEx; no environmental stressors).

Aerobic but not thermoregulatory gains following a 10-day moderate-intensity training protocol are fitness level dependent: A cross-adaptation perspective.

Moderate-intensity exercise sessions are incorporated into heat-acclimation and hypoxic-training protocols to improve performance in hot and hypoxic environments, respectively. Consequently, a training effect might contribute to aerobic performance gains, at least in less fit participants. To explore the interaction between fitness level and a training stimulus commonly applied during acclimation protocols, we recruited 10 young males of a higher (more fit-MF, peak aerobic power [VO ]: 57.