Characterization of a Unique Pair of Ferredoxin and Ferredoxin NADP Reductase Isoforms That Operates in Non-Photosynthetic Glandular Trichomes.

Our recent investigations indicated that isoforms of ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin NADP reductase (FNR) play essential roles for the reductive steps of the 2-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway of terpenoid biosynthesis in peppermint glandular trichomes (GTs). Based on an analysis of several transcriptome data sets, we demonstrated the presence of transcripts for a leaf-type FNR (), a leaf-type Fd (), a root-type FNR (), and two root-type Fds ( and ) in several members of the mint family (Lamiaceae). The present study reports on the biochemical characterization of all Fd and FNR isoforms of peppermint ( × L.

Standard operating procedures for the comprehensive and reliable analysis of cannabis terpenes.

Terpenes are the primary determinants of cannabis flower aroma, and ongoing research tests their potential for impacting the overall experience. Frustratingly, despite the importance of terpenes in cannabis physiology and commercial uses, literature reports vary widely regarding the major constituents of volatile blends and the concentrations of individual terpenes. In this article, we provide detailed descriptions of complementary approaches that will allow researchers to determine the identity and quantity of cannabis terpenes unequivocally and reliably.