A Review of Posterior Fossa Lesions.

Posterior fossa lesions can occur in patients of all ages. Patients present with subtle findings of hearing loss, tinnitus, headache, cranial neuropathies, imbalance, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting depending on the location and type of lesion. The presentation can be particularly insidious as the most common symptom is slowly progressive hearing loss.

The relationship between round window and ear canal Cochlear microphonic.

Hypothesis: Cochlear microphonic recorded at ear canal (CM-EC) can be a substitute for the one recorded at round window (CM-RW).

Background: Almost all clinics do not measure tone-burst evoked CM due to technical difficulty although it can provide more information than click evoked CM. Moreover, clinicians like the CM-EC more than that measured at CM-RW because CM-EC is non-invasive.

Optimizing the Measurement of 0.5-kHz Cubic Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission.

Background: The measurement of low-frequency cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission, for example, 0.5-kHz cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission, is often severely affected by background noise, and currently 0.5-kHz cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission is not commonly applicable in clinical setting.

Muscle-Nerve-Muscle Grafting for Facial Reanimation in Rats.

Objective: Facial paralysis is a devastating condition leaving patients with a myriad of aesthetic and functional consequences. Muscle-nerve-muscle (MNM) neurotization is a reinnervation technique that involves implanting an autogenous nerve graft as a conduit between an innervated "donor" muscle and a denervated "recipient" muscle. We investigated the use of MNM reinnervation, alone or in combination with electrical stimulation (ES) and testosterone propionate (TP) in comparison to nerve reanastomosis (RE), on functional recovery following rat facial nerve injury.

Neoplastic causes of nonacute facial paralysis: A review of 221 cases.

We conducted a retrospective review to assess the clinical presentation of patients with tumor-related nonacute complete peripheral facial weakness or an incomplete partial facial paresis and to provide an algorithm for the evaluation and management of these patients. Our study population was made up of 221 patients-131 females and 90 males, aged 14 to 79 years (mean: 49.7)-who had been referred to the Facial Nerve Disorders Clinic at our tertiary care academic medical center over a 23-year period with a documented neoplastic cause of facial paralysis.

Grading Facial Nerve Function Following Combined Static and Mimetic Surgical Techniques.

Objective To present a grading scale to assess the functional recovery of the facial nerve in patients who have undergone mimetic and static surgical techniques for facial reanimation. Study design This is a proposed new facial nerve grading system that will be demonstrated with specific case presentations. All patients underwent a variety of neural grafting, microvascular free-flap reconstruction, or surgical static procedures.

The Envoy Esteem implantable hearing system.

This article discusses the Envoy Esteem implantable hearing system, a completely implantable hearing device. The device is indicated for patients older than 18 years with stable moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss and good speech discrimination. The device is placed through an intact canal wall tympanomastoidectomy with a wide facial recess approach.

Postlaryngectomy dysphagia masking as velopharyngeal insufficiency: a simple solution for an anterior neopharyngeal diverticulum.

Postlaryngectomy dysphagia is a common occurrence and can be a source of emotional distress that results in a decrease in quality of life among a patient population that is already exposed to considerable morbidity. One etiologic source that is less commonly reported as a source for postlaryngectomy dysphagia, and perhaps overlooked, is an anterior neopharyngeal diverticulum. Herein, we describe a postlaryngectomy dysphagia caused by a neopharyngeal diverticulum masking as velopharyngeal insufficiency of liquids.