Patients on Antidepressants Are at an Increased Risk of Adverse Events following Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: A large proportion of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients are on antidepressant medications at the time of surgery. Postoperative outcomes of this patient demographic have not been characterized. This study compared the risk of 90-day adverse events and 5-year survival to revision surgery between patients on antidepressants and those not on antidepressants at the time of surgery.

Trends in Total Hip Arthroplasty Length of Stay and Coding Status From 2018 to 2021: Two-Year Impact of the Removal From the Inpatient-Only List.

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) was removed from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services inpatient-only (IPO) list on January 1, 2020. The impact of this policy changes on length of stay (LOS) and coding status (inpatient/outpatient) beyond 2020 remains to be fully defined.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2018 to 2021 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

90-Day Complication and Readmission Rates for Geriatric Patients With Hip Fracture at Different Time Points From COVID-19 Positivity: A Database Study.

Introduction: Geriatric patients with hip fracture are at risk of having COVID-19 while needing fracture treatment. Understanding the associated risks of variable timing of COVID-19 before surgery may help direct care algorithms.

Methods: Geriatric patients with documented hip fracture surgery were identified within the PearlDiver M157 database.

Blunt Talk on "Blunts": The Increasingly Popular Tobacco Product That Is Potentially Exacerbating Tobacco-Related Health Disparities.

A "blunt" is a hollowed-out cigar/cigarillo from which much of the loose tobacco has been removed, and the remaining tobacco wrapper filled with cannabis. Although blunts contain significant levels of tobacco/nicotine, they are often treated as if they were exclusive cannabis products and omitted from surveys of tobacco products. Whereas the prevalence of virtually all other tobacco products is on the decline in the USA, available data suggest that the prevalence of blunt smoking is not - and in fact, it may be increasing.

Disparities in Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Scan Utilization Across Race/Ethnic Groups Before and After Hip Fractures.

Background: Geriatric hip fractures are common and important sentinel events regarding bone health. Although dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans are a standard method for determining bone density, differences in use among various race/ethnic groups around the time of hip fracture may reveal disparities within the healthcare system.

Methods: The 2014 to 2016 Medicare Standard Analytic Files PearlDiver data set was used to identify geriatric patients sustaining hip fracture.

Outcomes following total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is a common procedure that may be considered for patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Patients undergoing this procedure may be afflicted by comorbid conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which may impact odds of various postoperative complications.

Methods: Adult patients with and without SLE who underwent TSA (anatomic or reverse) were queried from the January 2010 to October 2022 PearlDiver M165 database.

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Who Have Factor V Leiden: Elevated Risks Isolated to Venous Thromboembolism Events.

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common procedure that requires consideration of preexisting comorbidities. Factor V Leiden (FVL), an inherited thrombophilia, is one such condition that predisposes patients to venous thromboembolism (VTE, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism). The present study aimed to characterize the risks associated with FVL patients undergoing THA and evaluate the effect of VTE chemoprophylactic agents on these risks.

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The exploration of 1D magnetism, frequently portrayed as spin chains, constitutes an actively pursued research field that illuminates fundamental principles in many-body problems and applications in magnonics and spintronics. The inherent reduction in dimensionality often leads to robust spin fluctuations, impacting magnetic ordering and resulting in novel magnetic phenomena. Here, structural, magnetic, and optical properties of highly anisotropic 2D van der Waals antiferromagnets that uniquely host spin chains are explored.

Emergent tetragonality in a fundamentally orthorhombic material.

Symmetry plays a key role in determining the physical properties of materials. By Neumann's principle, the properties of a material remain invariant under the symmetry operations of the space group to which the material belongs. Continuous phase transitions are associated with a spontaneous reduction in symmetry.

Increased Risk of 90-Day Complications in Patients With Fibromyalgia Undergoing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Introduction: Anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasties (TSAs) are effective treatment options for end-stage glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Those undergoing TSA may also have fibromyalgia, a musculoskeletal condition. However, the association of fibromyalgia with shorter and longer term outcomes after TSA has not been well characterized.

Perspective: probing elasto-quantum materials with x-ray techniques andanisotropic strain.

Anisotropic lattice deformation plays an important role in the quantum mechanics of solid state physics. The possibility of mediating the competition and cooperation among different order parameters by applyingstrain/stress on quantum materials has led to discoveries of a variety of elasto-quantum effects on emergent phenomena. It has become increasingly critical to have the capability of combining thestrain tuning with x-ray techniques, especially those based on synchrotrons, to probe the microscopic elasto-responses of the lattice, spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom.

Total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with factor V Leiden.

Background: Anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are effective treatment options for end-stage glenohumeral osteoarthritis. However, consideration for pre-existing conditions must be taken into account. Factor V Leiden (FVL), the most common inherited thrombophilia, is one such condition that predisposes to a prothrombotic state and may affect perioperative and longer-term outcomes following TSA.

Outcomes Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Who Have Von Willebrand Disease Depend on Postoperative Anticoagulation.

Background: Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common congenital bleeding disorder. This autosomal dominant condition arises from quantitative or qualitative defects of Von Willebrand factor. To our knowledge, this study leveraged a national database to characterize the largest VWD cohort of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients to date, assessing 90-day postoperative adverse events and 5-year revision-free survival.

Femoral Head Core Decompressions: Characterization of Subsequent Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty and Related Complications.

Background: Core decompression is a minimally invasive joint-preserving approach for early-stage osteonecrosis. The rate at which core decompression patients require total hip arthroplasty (THA) and rates of perioperative adverse outcomes have not been well-characterized.

Methods: Adult patients undergoing core decompression and/or THA with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were identified from the 2015 to 2021 Q3 PearlDiver M157 database.

Deep scRNA sequencing reveals a broadly applicable Regeneration Classifier and implicates antioxidant response in corticospinal axon regeneration.

Despite substantial progress in understanding the biology of axon regeneration in the CNS, our ability to promote regeneration of the clinically important corticospinal tract (CST) after spinal cord injury remains limited. To understand regenerative heterogeneity, we conducted patch-based single-cell RNA sequencing on rare regenerating CST neurons at high depth following PTEN and SOCS3 deletion. Supervised classification with Garnett gave rise to a Regeneration Classifier, which can be broadly applied to predict the regenerative potential of diverse neuronal types across developmental stages or after injury.

Prenatal alcohol exposure dysregulates spinal and circulating immune cell circular RNA expression in adult female rats with chronic sciatic neuropathy.

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) that results in a continuum of central nervous system (CNS) deficits. Emerging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies indicate that the biological vulnerability to chronic CNS disease in FASD populations is driven by aberrant neuroimmune actions. Our prior studies suggest that, following minor nerve injury, prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a risk factor for developing adult-onset chronic pathological touch sensitivity or allodynia.

Spontaneous orbital polarization in the nematic phase of FeSe.

The origin of nematicity in FeSe remains a critical outstanding question towards understanding unconventional superconductivity in proximity to nematic order. To understand what drives the nematicity, it is essential to determine which electronic degree of freedom admits a spontaneous order parameter independent from the structural distortion. Here we use X-ray linear dichroism at the Fe K pre-edge to measure the anisotropy of the 3d orbital occupation as a function of in situ applied stress and temperature across the nematic transition.

The Correlation Between Pelvic Motion and Lumbar Motion in Patients Presenting With a Lumbar Spinal Pathology: Implications for Assessing Dislocation Risk in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Arthroplasty surgeons use the change in sacral slope (ΔSS) from sitting to standing as a measure of spinal motion. The relationship between ΔSS and the change in lumbar lordosis (ΔLL), an established spinal motion measure, has not been well studied. This study aims to determine the correlation between ΔSS and ΔLL.

Probing regenerative heterogeneity of corticospinal neurons with scRNA-Seq.

The corticospinal tract (CST) is clinically important for the recovery of motor functions after spinal cord injury. Despite substantial progress in understanding the biology of axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), our ability to promote CST regeneration remains limited. Even with molecular interventions, only a small proportion of CST axons regenerate.

Targeting but not resists an age-dependent decline in promoting axon sprouting.

Axonal repair is critical for functional recovery after injury of the CNS. We previously reported that neuronal deletion exhibits an age-dependent decline in promoting axon regeneration from the corticospinal tract (CST). How sprouting of uninjured axons, a naturally occurring form of axonal repair, is impacted by age is unknown.

Controllable Emergent Spatial Spin Modulation in Sr_{2}IrO_{4} by In Situ Shear Strain.

Symmetric anisotropic interaction can be ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic at the same time but for different crystallographic axes. We show that the competition of anisotropic interactions of orthogonal irreducible representations can be a general route to obtain new exotic magnetic states. We demonstrate it here by observing the emergence of a continuously tunable 12-layer spatial spin modulation when distorting the square-lattice planes in the quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Sr_{2}IrO_{4} under in situ shear strain.

The transport-structural correspondence across the nematic phase transition probed by elasto X-ray diffraction.

Electronic nematicity in iron pnictide materials is coupled to both the lattice and the conducting electrons, which allows both structural and transport observables to probe nematic fluctuations and the order parameter. Here we combine simultaneous transport and X-ray diffraction measurements with in-situ tunable strain (elasto X-ray diffraction) to measure the temperature dependence of the shear modulus and elastoresistivity above the nematic transition and the spontaneous orthorhombicity and resistivity anisotropy below the nematic transition, all within a single sample of Ba(FeCo)As. The ratio of transport to structural quantities is nearly temperature independent over a 74 K range and agrees between the ordered and disordered phases.

Conditional inactivation of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in neural crest cells leads to cardiac abnormalities.

Cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) are required for normal heart development. cNCCs are a multipotent and migratory cell lineage that differentiates into multiple cell types. cNCCs migrate into the developing heart to contribute to the septation of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT).