Levetiracetam for the treatment of neonatal seizures.

Seizures are a common occurrence in the neonatal intensive care unit, especially among low-birth-weight infants. The efficacy and safety of standard anticonvulsants have not been evaluated extensively in the neonate. In addition, there is concern for the adverse effects of phenobarbital on long-term development.

Successful treatment of recalcitrant restless legs syndrome with botulinum toxin type-A.

Study Objective: We report the effective use of injected BTX-A to treat refractory restless legs syndrome (RLS).

Methods: This is an observational case series of 3 patients meeting the essential diagnostic criteria for RLS whose symptoms were refractory to or who refused oral medication. Areas of maximal discomfort were injected as described below.

Rash, fever, and neck pain in the office: is this a neurologic emergency?

Anticonvulsants, neuroleptics, and antispasticity agents are used with increasing frequency in the pediatric population. Each of the drugs discussed in this article has serious but potentially reversible adverse effects. Pediatric primary care providers must be aware of the potential emergencies associated with the use of these neurologic medications to provide prompt and effective treatment.

Neurodevelopmental toxicology.

The fields of neurotoxicology and developmental toxicology are exploding in research and interest. Much of the data currently known are from epidemiologic human studies or studies of animal models. Each of these modes is difficult to translate to individual clinical encounters.

Nerve agent attacks on children: diagnosis and management.

Nerve agents (NAs) are the most lethal chemical weapons. We review the pathophysiology and management of NA poisoning of children. NAs cause cholinergic crisis.