2018-2019 human seasonal H3N2 influenza A virus spillovers into swine with demonstrated virus transmission in pigs were not sustained in the pig population.

Human seasonal H3 clade 3C3a influenza A viruses (IAV) were detected four times in U.S. pigs from commercial swine farms in Michigan, Illinois, and Virginia in 2019.

MRI features distinguishing pediatric Lyme arthritis from septic arthritis.

Objective: This study aims to identify distinguishing MRI features of Lyme arthritis (LA), an increasingly prevalent cause of pediatric infectious arthritis in the USA, to enable rapid discrimination from septic arthritis (SA) and facilitate appropriate management.

Materials And Methods: A single-center, retrospective analysis was conducted on a convenience sample of pediatric patients with LA in an endemic area using EPIC electronic health record data between January 2010 and December 2020. Patients with positive serologic testing and concurrent MRI were selected.

Development of Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors Assisted by Computational Screening.

Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections pose an ever-evolving threat to public health. Since the outset of the antibacterial age, bacteria have developed a multitude of diverse resistance mechanisms that suppress the effectiveness of current therapies. New drug entities, such as Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors (NBTIs), can circumvent this major issue.

Crystals of Aliphatic Derivatives of [Cu(acac) ] have Distinct Atomic-Scale Mechanisms of Bending.

Molecular crystals displaying elastic flexibility have important applications in the fields of optoelectronics and nanophotonic technologies. Understanding the mechanisms by which these materials bend is critical to the design of future materials incorporating these properties. Based on the known elastic properties of bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II), a series of 14 aliphatic derivatives are synthesized and crystallized.

Community attitudes towards Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) and their prey species in Yanbian, Jilin province, a region of northeast China where tigers are returning.

Community attitudes towards large carnivores are of central importance to their conservation in human-dominated landscapes. In this study, we evaluate community attitudes and perceptions towards the Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) and bears (Ursus thibetanus and Ursus arctos), as well as their prey species, namely sika deer (Cervus nippon), roe deer and wild boar (Sus scrofa), in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin province, northeast China. We surveyed 139 households and found that community members' perceptions of large carnivores and their prey species were influenced by their predominant economic activities; their prior interactions with wildlife; their household income level; and whether they were either long-term residents of Yanbian or had migrated to the region from elsewhere in China.

Changes in the Hemagglutinin and Internal Gene Segments Were Needed for Human Seasonal H3 Influenza A Virus to Efficiently Infect and Replicate in Swine.

The current diversity of influenza A viruses (IAV) circulating in swine is largely a consequence of human-to-swine transmission events and consequent evolution in pigs. However, little is known about the requirements for human IAVs to transmit to and subsequently adapt in pigs. Novel human-like H3 viruses were detected in swine herds in the U.

The generation of empty Turnip yellow mosaic virus capsids through depletion of virion-associated divalent cations.

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a well-studied icosahedral plant virus that has attractive properties for nanoscience applications. Stable empty particles devoid of viral genomic RNA have historically been generated from virions by: 1. high pressure; 2.

Homochiral Dodecanuclear Lanthanide "Cage in Cage" for Enantioselective Separation.

It is extremely difficult to anticipate the structure and the stereochemistry of a complex, particularly when the ligand is flexible and the metal node adopts diverse coordination numbers. When trivalent lanthanides (Ln) and enantiopure amino acid ligands are utilized as building blocks, self-assembly sometimes yields rare chiral polynuclear structures. In this study, an enantiopure carboxyl-functionalized amino acid-based ligand with symmetry reacts with lanthanum cations to give a homochiral porous coordination cage, (Δ/Λ)-.

Modulating the stacking modes of nanosized metal-organic frameworks by morphology engineering for isomer separation.

Modulating different stacking modes of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) introduces different properties and functionalities but remains a great challenge. Here, we describe a morphology engineering method to modulate the stacking modes of nanoscale NU-901. The nanoscale NU-901 is stacked through solvent removal after one-pot solvothermal synthesis, in which different morphologies from nanosheets (NS) to interpenetrated nanosheets (I-NS) and nanoparticles (NP) were obtained successfully.

Characterization of contemporary 2010.1 H3N2 swine influenza A viruses circulating in United States pigs.

In 2012, swine influenza surveillance detected a novel reassorted influenza A virus (IAV) strain containing human-seasonal hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Subsequently, these viruses reassorted, maintaining only the human-origin H3, which resulted in a new lineage of viruses that became the most frequently detected H3 clade in US swine (2010.1 HA clade).

Modeling interactions between brain function, diet adherence behaviors, and weight loss success.

Introduction: Obesity is linked to altered activation in reward and control brain circuitry; however, the associated brain activity related to successful or unsuccessful weight loss (WL) is unclear.

Methods: Adults with obesity (N = 75) completed a baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan before entering a WL intervention (ie,3-month diet and physical activity [PA] program). We conducted an exploratory analysis to identify the contributions of baseline brain activation, adherence behavior patterns, and the associated connections to WL at the conclusion of a 3-month WL intervention.

Molecular Pivot-Hinge Installation to Evolve Topology in Rare-Earth Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Linker desymmetrization has been witnessed as a powerful design strategy for the discovery of highly connected metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with unprecedented topologies. Herein, we introduce molecular pivot-hinge installation as a linker desymmetrization strategy to evolve the topology of highly connected rare-earth (RE) MOFs, where a pivot group is placed in the center of a linker similar to a hinge. By tuning the composition of pivot groups and steric hindrances of the substituents on various linker rotamers, MOFs with various topologies can be obtained.

Imprinted Apportionment of Functional Groups in Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Sophisticated chemical processes widely observed in biological cells require precise apportionment regulation of building units, which inspires researchers to develop tailorable architectures with controllable heterogeneity for replication, recognition and information storage. However, it remains a substantial challenge to endow multivariate materials with internal sequences and controllable apportionments. Herein, we introduce a novel strategy to manipulate the apportionment of functional groups in multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOFs) by preincorporating interlocked linkers into framework materials.

Catalytic reactions within the cavity of coordination cages.

Natural enzymes catalyze reactions in their substrate-binding cavities, exhibiting high specificity and efficiency. In an effort to mimic the structure and functionality of enzymes, discrete coordination cages were designed and synthesized. These self-assembled systems have a variety of confined cavities, which have been applied to accelerate conventional reactions, perform substrate-specific reactions, and manipulate regio- and enantio-selectivity.

An integrated experimental-computational approach for predicting virulence in New Zealand white rabbits and humans following inhalation exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores.

Inhalation of Bacillus anthracis spores can lead to an anthrax infection that can be fatal. Previously published mathematical models have extrapolated kinetic rates associated with bacterial growth in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits to humans, but to date, actual measurements of the underlying processes associated with anthrax virulence between species have not been conducted. To address this knowledge gap, we have quantified species-specific rate constants associated with germination, proliferation, and immune cell inactivation of B.

Rapid nondestructive measurement of bacterial cultures with 3D interferometric imaging.

The agar culture plate has played a crucial role in bacteriology since the origins of the discipline and is a staple bioanalytical method for efforts ranging from research to standard clinical diagnostic tests. However, plating, inoculating, and waiting for microbes to develop colonies that are visible is time-consuming. In this work, we demonstrate white-light interferometry (WLI) as a practical tool for accelerated and improved measurement of bacterial cultures.

An avian influenza virus A(H7N9) reassortant that recently emerged in the United States with low pathogenic phenotype does not efficiently infect swine.

In 2017, outbreaks of low and highly pathogenic avian H7N9 viruses were reported in four States in the United States. In total, over 270 000 birds died or were culled, causing significant economic loss. The potential for avian-to-swine transmission of the U.

Elastically Flexible Crystals have Disparate Mechanisms of Molecular Movement Induced by Strain and Heat.

Elastically flexible crystals form an emerging class of materials that exhibit a range of notable properties. The mechanism of thermal expansion in flexible crystals of bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II) is compared with the mechanism of molecular motion induced by bending and it is demonstrated that the two mechanisms are distinct. Upon bending, individual molecules within the crystal structure reversibly rotate, while thermal expansion results predominantly in an increase in intermolecular separations with only minor changes to molecular orientation through rotation.

Obesity is associated with altered mid-insula functional connectivity to limbic regions underlying appetitive responses to foods.

Obesity is fundamentally a disorder of energy balance. In obese individuals, more energy is consumed than is expended, leading to excessive weight gain through the accumulation of adipose tissue. Complications arising from obesity, including cardiovascular disease, elevated peripheral inflammation, and the development of Type II diabetes, make obesity one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality.

Influenza-Omics and the Host Response: Recent Advances and Future Prospects.

Influenza A viruses (IAV) continually evolve and have the capacity to cause global pandemics. Because IAV represents an ongoing threat, identifying novel therapies and host innate immune factors that contribute to IAV pathogenesis is of considerable interest. This review summarizes the relevant literature as it relates to global host responses to influenza infection at both the proteome and transcriptome level.

A cytometry microparticle platform approach for screening tobacco microRNA changes after agrobacterium delivery.

MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding regulatory RNAs that can modulate development as well as alter innate antiviral defenses in plants. In this study we explored changes in Nicotiana benthamiana tobacco microRNA expression as it relates to expression of a recombinant anti-Ebola GP1 antibody. The antibody was delivered to tobacco leaves through a bacterial Agrobacterium tumefaciens "agroinfiltration" expression strategy.