Publications by authors named "Joshua Mitchell"

Radiation therapy is a critical component in managing many malignancies by improving local control and survival. The benefits of radiation may come at the expense of unintended radiation injury to the surrounding normal tissues, with the heart being one of the most affected organs in thoracic radiation treatments. As cancer survivors live longer, radiation-induced cardiotoxicity (RICT) is now increasingly recognized.

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Background: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing thoracic radiation are at high cardiovascular risk. Semiquantitative assessment of coronary artery calcification (CAC) on baseline planning non-gated chest computed tomography (CT) scans may help further risk stratify patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the association between CAC and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; myocardial infarction or stroke) and assess the utility of semiquantitative assessment of CAC.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The increase in lung cancer survival rates highlights the urgent need to better understand and minimize the cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy, yet current clinical trials have inadequately reported on these cardiac effects due to inconsistent definitions and endpoints.
  • * This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge on cardiotoxicity from conventional radiotherapy in lung cancer, addressing ongoing clinical gaps and recommending advanced evaluations involving oncology and cardiology to improve patient care.
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Eosinophils are white blood cells that participate in innate immune responses and have an essential role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. Upon activation, eosinophils release cytotoxic proteins such as major basic protein-1 (MBP-1) from cytoplasmic secretory granules (SGr) wherein MBP-1 is stored as nanocrystals. How the MBP-1 nanocrystalline core is formed, stabilized, and subsequently mobilized remains unknown.

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  • Stable isotope tracing helps researchers understand biological systems, metabolic pathways, and discover new metabolites, but its use has been limited due to the complexity of data and past software requirements.
  • Khipu version 2 is a new web application designed to make analyzing stable isotope tracing data easier and more efficient with added features like peak enrichment metrics and methods for detecting intensity patterns.
  • This updated tool can be especially useful in untargeted metabolomics, allowing for the extraction and annotation of isotope-labeled compounds and previously unidentified metabolites.
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Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high fatality rate, with surgery as the only curative treatment. Identification of new biomarkers related to survival may help guide discovery of new pathophysiologic pathways and potential therapeutic targets. As long-chain ceramides have been linked to tumor proliferation, we sought to determine if ceramide levels were prognostic in PDAC.

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Background: Breast Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are amongst the two leading causes of mortality in the United States, and the two conditions are connected in part because of recognized cardiotoxicity of cancer treatments. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictors risk factors for thirty-day readmission in female breast cancer survivors presenting with acute heart failure.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of acute heart failure (AHF) hospitalization in female patients with breast cancer in 2019 using the National Readmission Database (NRD), which is the largest publicly available all-payer inpatient readmission database in the United States.

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Hypothesis: The retrolabyrinthine (presigmoid) approach has been utilized in various skull base surgeries but has not been fully utilized in the management of internal auditory canal (IAC) lesions, such as vestibular schwannoma (VS). Microsurgical retrolabyrinthine approach provides limited visualization of the IAC, while endoscopic-assisted techniques allow for further lateral exposure with labyrinthine preservation.

Background: Traditional approaches to the IAC have the disadvantage of hearing sacrifice or retraction of brain tissue.

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To standardize metabolomics data analysis and facilitate future computational developments, it is essential to have a set of well-defined templates for common data structures. Here we describe a collection of data structures involved in metabolomics data processing and illustrate how they are utilized in a full-featured Python-centric pipeline. We demonstrate the performance of the pipeline, and the details in annotation and quality control using large-scale LC-MS metabolomics and lipidomics data and LC-MS/MS data.

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Herein, we report that readily accessible azoxy-triazenes can serve as nitrogen atom sources under visible light excitation for the phthalimido-protected aziridination of alkenes. This approach eliminates the need for external oxidants, precious transition metals, and photocatalysts, marking a departure from conventional methods. The versatility of this transformation extends to the selective aziridination of both activated and unactivated multisubstituted alkenes of varying electronic profiles.

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To standardize metabolomics data analysis and facilitate future computational developments, it is essential is have a set of well-defined templates for common data structures. Here we describe a collection of data structures involved in metabolomics data processing and illustrate how they are utilized in a full-featured Python-centric pipeline. We demonstrate the performance of the pipeline, and the details in annotation and quality control using large-scale LC-MS metabolomics and lipidomics data and LC-MS/MS data.

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The successful treatment of side effects of chemotherapy faces two major limitations: the need to avoid interfering with pathways essential for the cancer-destroying effects of the chemotherapy drug, and the need to avoid helping tumor progression through cancer promoting cellular pathways. To address these questions and identify new pathways and targets that satisfy these limitations, we have developed the bioinformatics tool Inter Variability Cross-Correlation Analysis (IVCCA). This tool calculates the cross-correlation of differentially expressed genes, analyzes their clusters, and compares them across a vast number of known pathways to identify the most relevant target(s).

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  • The number of people with amyloidosis is going up because doctors know more about it and better treatments are available.
  • Having expert centers for treating amyloidosis can help patients get the best care and improve research on the disease.
  • A survey was created by a team of experts to figure out what these centers should do to provide the best treatment possible.
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Machine learning plays an important and growing role in molecular simulation. The newest version of the OpenMM molecular dynamics toolkit introduces new features to support the use of machine learning potentials. Arbitrary PyTorch models can be added to a simulation and used to compute forces and energy.

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Machine learning plays an important and growing role in molecular simulation. The newest version of the OpenMM molecular dynamics toolkit introduces new features to support the use of machine learning potentials. Arbitrary PyTorch models can be added to a simulation and used to compute forces and energy.

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Article Synopsis
  • - CARS (Cardiac Amyloidosis Registry Study) is a multicenter project launched in 2019 to study the natural history and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis, involving patients across the U.S. from 1997 to 2025.
  • - As of February 2023, 1415 patients have been enrolled, with 82% diagnosed with transthyretin (ATTR) and 18% with light chain (AL) amyloidosis, highlighting a diverse cohort that includes a significant portion of Black participants.
  • - The study aims to address important clinical questions about cardiac amyloidosis and improve comparisons of treatment options, with plans for future international collaboration to enhance its findings.
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Background: Although VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a preferred systemic treatment approach for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and thyroid carcinoma (TC), treatment-related cardiovascular (CV) toxicity is an important contributor to morbidity. However, the clinical risk assessment and impact of CV toxicities, including early significant hypertension, among real-world advanced cancer populations receiving VEGFR TKI therapies remain understudied.

Methods: In a multicenter, retrospective cohort study across 3 large and diverse US health systems, we characterized baseline hypertension and CV comorbidity in patients with RCC and those with TC who are newly initiating VEGFR TKI therapy.

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Purpose Of Review: Radiation is foundational to the treatment of cancer and improves overall survival. Yet, it is important to recognize the potential cardiovascular effects of radiation therapy and how to best minimize or manage them. Screening-both through imaging and with biomarkers-can potentially identify cardiovascular effects early, allowing for prompt initiation of treatment to mitigate late effects.

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Herein, we report a protocol for the anaerobic oxidation of alcohols, amines, aldehydes, and imines promoted by photoexcited nitroarenes. Mechanistic studies support the idea that photoexcited nitroarenes undergo double hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) steps with alcohols and amines to provide the respective ketone and imine products. In the presence of aldehydes and imines, successive HAT and oxygen atom transfer (OAT) events occur to yield carboxylic acids and amides, respectively.

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Health systems have been quickly adopting telemedicine throughout the United States, especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are limited data on whether adding pharmacist-led home blood pressure (BP) telemonitoring to office-based usual care improves BP. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase for randomized controlled trials from January 2000 until April 2022, comparing studies on pharmacist-led home BP telemonitoring with usual care.

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  • AYA cancer survivors show improved survival rates but are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly from therapies like anthracyclines and VEGF inhibitors.
  • A study reviewing 1,165 AYA survivors found that 32% treated with anthracyclines, 22% with VEGF inhibitors, and 34% with both experienced cardiovascular toxicities, with hypertension being the most frequent issue.
  • Results indicated that males are at a higher risk for toxicity from anthracycline therapy, and the combination of anthracyclines and VEGF inhibitors resulted in a 50% incidence of cardiovascular toxicities over ten years.
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Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based alkylating chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. At high cumulative dosage, the negative effect of oxaliplatin on the heart becomes evident and is linked to a growing number of clinical reports. The aim of this study was to determine how chronic oxaliplatin treatment causes the changes in energy-related metabolic activity in the heart that leads to cardiotoxicity and heart damage in mice.

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I is a nuclear fission decay product of concern because of its long half-life (16 Ma) and propensity to bioaccumulate. Microorganisms impact iodine mobility in soil systems by promoting iodination (covalent binding) of soil organic matter through processes that are not fully understood. Here, we examined iodide uptake by soils collected at two depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm) from 5 deciduous and coniferous forests in Japan and the United States.

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