Thinking Outside the 'Cage'.

A patient with persistent chest pain and previous mitral valve replacement had no recurrence of pain once target international normalized ratio was reached.

: An Uncommon Human Pathogen Causing Infective Endocarditis in a Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

is a fish pathogen and an uncommon cause of human infections. There is a growing body of evidence showing its potential for causing endocarditis especially in those with prior valve surgery. In this case report, we present what we believe is the first case of endocarditis by affecting a valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement that was successfully treated.