Articular Cartilage Chondroprogenitors: Isolation and Directed Differentiation.

Experimental data suggests that tissue-specific progenitors are present within hyaline articular cartilage with the potential to contribute to growth, maintenance, and repair. In this chapter, we show how colony-forming progenitor-like cells can be isolated from bovine articular cartilage using differential adhesion to fibronectin. Furthermore, we describe the optimal conditions and factors required to differentiate these progenitor cells to produce hyaline articular cartilage.

Performance of Queen's University Belfast graduates at core and speciality application.

Introduction: The general medical council (GMC) conducts the National Training Survey (NTS) annually. Part of the survey illustrates the statistics of United Kingdom medical school graduates in core and speciality application. We aimed to review the speciality training application and performance of graduates of Queen's University Belfast (QUB), and compared with graduates of medical schools in England, Scotland, and Wales.

Subxiphoid incisional hernias post median sternotomy: A literature review.

Background: Subxiphoid incisional hernias are one of the complications following a median sternotomy, a surgical procedure to provide access to the mediastinum. Incidence has been reported between 1% and 4%, although the true incidence is not well known due to its asymptomatic nature.

Method: A comprehensive search was performed on multiple sites.

The leaf-area shrinkage effect can bias paleoclimate and ecology research.

Premise Of The Study: Leaf area is a key trait that links plant form, function, and environment. Measures of leaf area can be biased because leaf area is often estimated from dried or fossilized specimens that have shrunk by an unknown amount. We tested the common assumption that this shrinkage is negligible.