Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The progression of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) from prodromal state to dementia syndrome prompts researchers to identify early markers of cognitive decline. One potential risk marker is subjective memory concerns (SMCs). Individuals with greater perceived stress often report more cognitive concerns.

Differential Item Functioning and Clinical Utility of the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort.

Introduction: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ) in a non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Mexican American (MA) sample from Texas in the USA.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Health and Aging Brain Study - Health Disparities (HABS-HD; N = 1,691, age = 66.5 ± 8.

Accessory lacrimal gland secretion mimicking seidel positivity following complex cataract surgery: Case report.

Purpose: To describe the presentation of lacrimal gland secretions mimicking a positive Seidel test following combined complex cataract surgery and endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP).

Observation: The patient presented with a posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) most likely secondary to chronic steroid use for a history of chemical burns from a firework injury in 2019. This injury resulted in symblepharon formation and limbal stem cell deficiency.

Apathy in persons living with HIV disease: A systematic narrative review.

Background: Apathy was identified as a feature of HIV early in the epidemic; however, there are no systematic reviews of the diverse literature on the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of apathy in HIV disease.

Methods: The current study adopted a hybrid systematic-narrative review methodology in which we used PRISMA guidelines to identify, summarize, and critique peer-reviewed, empirical studies of apathy in HIV disease in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy.

Results: A total of 34 studies of apathy in persons living with HIV (PLWH) were identified.

The Relationship Between Apathy and Cognitive Impairment Among Hispanic/Latin Americans: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Systematic Review.

Objectives: The primary aim was to evaluate apathy assessment measures in relation to cognitive impairment among Hispanic/Latin Americans.

Methods: A systematic review on the relationship between apathy and cognitive impairment among Hispanic/Latin Americans across normal aging and neurocognitive disorders was conducted according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and using APA PsycInfo, Embase, and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria required (1) a sample of English or Spanish-speaking adults ages 18 years and older, (2) with measures of apathy, (3) assessment of cognitive functioning or diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder, (4) with at least 18.

Evidence for the reliability and validity of a Spanish translation of the Medication Management Ability Assessment administered via tele-assessment.

We translated the Medication Management Ability Assessment (MMAA) from English to Spanish for use via tele-assessment and examined its reliability and validity. Following International Test Commission Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests, we used translation/back-translation and a small focus group ( = 6) to adapt a Spanish version of the MMAA. Eighty-six Spanish-speaking adults completed the adapted MMAA via tele-assessment at baseline and at a two-week follow-up visit.

Differential item functioning of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in a rural, multi-ethnic cohort.

Background: Evaluating measurement bias is vital to ensure equivalent assessment across diverse groups. One approach for evaluating test bias, differential item functioning (DIF), assesses item-level bias across specified groups by comparing item-level responses between groups that have the same overall score. Previous DIF studies of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) have only assessed bias across age, sex, and disease duration in monolingual samples.

Simulated sleep apnea alters hydrogen sulfide regulation of blood flow and pressure.

In sleep apnea, airway obstruction causes intermittent hypoxia (IH). In animal studies, IH-dependent hypertension is associated with loss of vasodilator hydrogen sulfide (HS), and increased HS activation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in the carotid body. We previously reported that inhibiting cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) to prevent HS synthesis augments vascular resistance in control rats.

Hydrogen sulfide regulation of renal and mesenteric blood flow.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) dilates isolated arteries, and knockout of the HS-synthesizing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) increases blood pressure. However, the contributions of endogenously produced HS to blood flow regulation in specific vascular beds are unknown. Published studies in isolated arteries show that CSE production of HS influences vascular tone more in small mesenteric arteries than in renal arteries or the aorta.

A Comparison of Pathophysiology in Humans and Rodent Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) affects an estimated 30,000 people each year in the United States, with an overall mortality of ~30%. Most cases of SAH result from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, require long hospital stays, and result in significant disability and high fatality. Early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral vasospasm (CV) have been implicated as leading causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients, necessitating intense focus on developing preclinical animal models that replicate clinical SAH complete with delayed CV.

Role of Interleukin-10 in Acute Brain Injuries.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine expressed in response to brain injury, where it facilitates the resolution of inflammatory cascades, which if prolonged causes secondary brain damage. Here, we comprehensively review the current knowledge regarding the role of IL-10 in modulating outcomes following acute brain injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the various stroke subtypes. The vascular endothelium is closely tied to the pathophysiology of these neurological disorders and research has demonstrated clear vascular endothelial protective properties for IL-10.