What dimensions of school climate promote adaptive functioning in adolescents with ADHD? A prospective longitudinal study.

Background: The study of ADHD has predominantly focused on individual-level risk-factors, and less is known about contextual factors that promote adaptive functioning.

Aims: The present study is the first to evaluate the longitudinal association between five dimensions of school climate (academic expectations, student engagement, disciplinary structure, respect for students, willingness to seek help) and student outcomes, and whether ADHD symptom severity moderates those associations.

Methods And Procedures: Participants included 274 adolescents (45 % female) who completed assessments in 8th (T1) and 10th (T2) grades.

Predicting Occupational Outcomes for Individuals with ADHD: The Role of Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Executive Functioning.

Purpose: The present study adds to the literature by evaluating the differential risk of ADHD symptom dimensions and executive functioning (EF; time management, organization, motivation) to key occupational outcomes.

Methods: Participants were adults (N = 100; 51% male) with ADHD working full-time between the ages of 19-30 (M = 26.61, SD = 2.

Proximal humerus open reduction internal fixation with and without biceps tenodesis: assessment of early clinical outcomes.

Background: The role of biceps tenodesis (BT) during open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) remains unclear. A subset of patients undergoing ORIF have persistent pain with unclear etiology. The purpose of our study was to compare outcomes of ORIF of PHFs with and without concomitant BT.

Later ("evening") circadian preference is associated with poorer executive, academic, and attentional functioning in adolescents with and without ADHD.

Background: Adolescents vary considerably in their circadian phase preference; those with greater "eveningness" (also known as "night owls") have later bedtimes, wake times, and peak arousal compared to those with greater "morningness." Prior research suggests that (a) greater eveningness is associated with worse academic, executive, and attentional functioning; and (b) adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to be high in eveningness and to have deficits in these school-related constructs. However, few studies have examined circadian preference alongside two potential confounds-sleep duration and sleep quality-as predictors of daytime functioning, or whether the strength of associations differs across adolescents with and without ADHD.

Examining the Use of VR as a Study Aid for University Students with ADHD.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by patterns of inattention and impulsivity, which lead to difficulties maintaining concentration and motivation while completing academic tasks. University settings, characterized by a high student-to-staff ratio, make treatments relying on human monitoring challenging. One potential replacement is Virtual Reality (VR) technology, which has shown potential to enhance learning outcomes and promote flow experience.

Predictors and Mechanisms of Resilience for High School Students with ADHD: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has primarily been studied from a deficit-focused perspective. However, there are individuals with ADHD who exhibit resilience or a pattern of positive adaptation despite the risks associated with their diagnosis. The present study evaluated whether peer acceptance predicted resilience for adolescents with ADHD and if self-efficacy or a stress-is-enhancing mindset served as mechanisms of those relations.

Accuracy of machine learning to predict the outcomes of shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) uses computer systems to simulate cognitive capacities to accomplish goals like problem-solving and decision-making. Machine learning (ML), a branch of AI, makes algorithms find connections between preset variables, thereby producing prediction models. ML can aid shoulder surgeons in determining which patients may be susceptible to worse outcomes and complications following shoulder arthroplasty (SA) and align patient expectations following SA.

Initial Results from a New College Substance Use Prevention Program Targeting Externalizing and Internalizing Traits.

College students engage in high rates of risky substance use. Standard college prevention strategies focus on providing feedback about current substance use behaviors and harm reduction strategies but do not address the underlying genetically-influenced risk factors impacting these behaviors. We created an online Personalized Feedback Program (PFP) for college students that targets genetically-influenced externalizing and internalizing risk pathways and provides personalized recommendations and campus resources.

Predictors of executive function trajectories in adolescents with and without ADHD: Links with academic outcomes.

Changes in executive function (EF) occur during adolescence with several factors (e.g., parenting styles, socioeconomic status) influencing the development of EF abilities.

Bridging the gap between genetic epidemiological research and prevention: A randomized control trial of a novel personalized feedback program for alcohol and cannabis use.

Background: Risky substance use among college students is widespread and associated with numerous negative consequences. We created an online Personalized Feedback Program (PFP) for college students that targets genetically influenced risk pathways for substance use and provides feedback on four risk domains (Sensation Seeking, Impulsivity, Extraversion, and Neuroticism) along with individualized recommendations and campus resources.

Methods: A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of the PFP on alcohol and cannabis use.

Academic motivation decreases across adolescence for youth with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Effects of motivation on academic success.

Background: This longitudinal study examined growth trajectories of academic motivation in youth with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the important developmental transition from middle school to high school, and associations with academic success. Consistent with self-determination theory (SDT) of motivation, trajectories of amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation were modeled.

Methods: The study included a robust multi-method, multi-source assessment of academic outcomes, including homework performance ratings; reading and mathematics standardized test scores; and grade point average (GPA) obtained from school records.

Clinical Change Mechanisms in the Treatment of College Students With ADHD: Trajectories and Associations With Outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate trajectories of response for the three theorized mechanisms of clinical change (knowledge, behavioral strategies, and adaptive thinking) associated with the Accessing Campus Connections and Empowering Student Success (ACCESS) intervention for college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their association with treatment outcomes. Participants included 250 college students comprehensively diagnosed with ADHD randomly assigned to ACCESS or to a delayed-treatment control who completed ratings at baseline, end of active treatment, and end of the maintenance phase of treatment (after two semesters). Growth mixture models (GMMs) were used to evaluate trajectories.

Examining daily stimulant medication use and sleep in adolescents with ADHD.

Research has been inconclusive as to whether stimulant treatment causes or exacerbates sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD. This study examined sleep differences in adolescents with ADHD as a function of stimulant use. Participants were adolescents with ADHD (N = 159, ages 12-14).

Impairment's Role in the Pathway From Externalizing Psychopathology to Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents With ADHD.

Objective: This study examined the role of academic, social, and family impairment in the pathway from externalizing psychopathology to depression among young adolescents with ADHD in a multiple mediation model.

Method: The sample included adolescents with ADHD enrolled in an intervention trial. Parent ratings of externalizing psychopathology were measured at eligibility assessment, adolescent self-reported depressive symptoms were measured at eligibility and at the end of treatment, and parent-rated impairment was measured in the middle of treatment.

Physical and Extracurricular Activity in Adolescents With and Without ADHD: Examining Group Differences and the Role of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Symptoms.

Objective: This study examined extracurricular and physical activity related to ADHD (diagnosis and symptoms) and cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms.

Methods: Participants were 302 adolescents (ages 12-14) with and without ADHD and primary caregivers. ADHD diagnosis was determined with parent interview.

Rumination as a Mechanism of the Longitudinal Association Between COVID-19-Related Stress and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescents.

The current prospective longitudinal study evaluated brooding rumination as an intervening mechanism of the association between COVID-19-related stress and internalizing symptoms during the first year of the pandemic. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) status and adolescent sex were tested as moderators of the indirect effect. Adolescents with and without ADHD (N = 238; M age = 16.

Prospective association between evening circadian preference and academic functioning in adolescents: the role of daytime sleepiness.

Background: There is growing evidence for the role of circadian factors in adolescents' sleep and academic adjustment, with greater evening preference being linked to poorer academic functioning. However, studies have yet to evaluate this association prospectively in adolescence, nor have studies examined daytime sleepiness as a putative mechanism linking evening preference to poor academic functioning. The current study used a multi-informant design to test the prospective association of evening circadian preference, daytime sleepiness, and academic functioning (e.

Prospective examination of psychological trauma among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This longitudinal study investigated the predictors of and changes in psychological trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: Participants included 236 adolescents (130 males; = 16.74 years in spring 2020; 49.

Longitudinal Change in Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study aimed to examine changes in depression and anxiety symptoms from before to during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of 1,339 adolescents (9-18 years old, 59% female) from three countries. We also examined if age, race/ethnicity, disease burden, or strictness of government restrictions moderated change in symptoms. Data from 12 longitudinal studies (10 U.

Adolescents with ADHD are at increased risk for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

Identifying factors that influence adolescent intentions for COVID-19 vaccination is essential for developing strategic interventions to increase uptake, particularly in subgroups of at-risk adolescents. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence is characterized by difficulties regulating attention and behavior, social impairment, and impulsive risk-taking behaviors, which may impact vaccine hesitancy and vaccine uptake. This study examined hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines among adolescents with and without ADHD, and explored how ADHD status interacted with malleable social mechanisms and other social determinants of health in predicting vaccine hesitancy.

Longitudinal Association of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo with Depression in Adolescents and the Possible Role of Peer Victimization.

It is unknown whether sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is prospectively associated with depression in adolescence, and possible processes linking SCT to depression remain unexamined. Using a longitudinal study with three timepoints over a two-year period, the current study tested the indirect effects of SCT on depression via peer victimization, specifically physical, relational, and verbal victimization. Participants were 302 adolescents (M = 13.

The Association of Hemoglobin A1c Levels and Depression Among Adults With Diabetes in the United States.

Aim: Diabetes mellitus is linked to a decreased health-related quality of life, including poor mental health. Glycated hemoglobin/hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is an important marker in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. The main objective of this study was to assess the association between HbA1c levels (adequate control of serum glucose levels) and depression status among people with diabetes mellitus in the United States.