Publications by authors named "Joshua Labaer"

Solid tumors develop within a complex environment called the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is sculpted by the presence of other cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells like macrophages (Mφs). Despite the presence of immune cells, tumor cells orchestrate a tumor-supportive environment through intricate interaction with the components of the TME. However, the specific mechanism by which this intercellular dialogue is regulated is not fully understood.

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Background/objectives: Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020, the virus has caused multiple waves of infection globally. Arizona State University (ASU), the largest four-year university in the United States, offers a uniquely diverse setting for assessing immunity within a large community. This study aimed to test our hypothesis that an increased number of exposures to SARS-CoV-2 RBD through vaccination/boosters/infection will increase SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence by increasing the longevity of anti-RBD and anti-RBD-neutralizing antibodies.

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Omicron is the comparatively most transmissible and contagious variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted a seroprevalence study from March 1-3, 2022, to investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals aged 18 years and older after the Omicron outbreak. The seroprevalence of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies was found to be 96.

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Valley Fever (VF), caused by fungi in the genus , is a prevalent disease in southwestern and western parts of the United States that affects both humans and animals, such as dogs. Although the immune responses to infection with spp. are not fully characterized, antibody-detection assays are used in conjunction with clinical presentation and radiologic findings to aid in the diagnosis of VF.

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Single-cell spatial proteomic analysis holds great promise to advance our understanding of the composition, organization, interaction, and function of the various cell types in complex biological systems. However, the current multiplexed protein imaging technologies suffer from low detection sensitivity, limited multiplexing capacity, or are technically demanding. To tackle these issues, here, we report the development of a highly sensitive and multiplexed in situ protein profiling method using off-the-shelf antibodies.

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Background: Increasing evidence supports that antibodies can protect against active tuberculosis (TB) but knowledge of potentially protective antigens, especially in the airways, is limited. The main objective of this study was to identify antigen-specific airway and systemic immunoglobulin isotype responses associated with the outcome of controlled latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) versus uncontrolled infection (TB) in nonhuman primates.

Methods: In a case-control design, using non-parametric group comparisons with false discovery rate adjustments, we assessed antibodies in 57 cynomolgus macaques which, following low-dose airway Mtb infection, developed either LTBI or TB.

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Serology reveals exposure to pathogens, as well as the state of autoimmune and other clinical conditions. It is used to evaluate individuals and their histories and as a public health tool to track epidemics. Employing a variety of formats, studies nearly always perform serology by testing response to only one or a few antigens.

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Single-cell spatial proteomic analysis holds great promise to advance our understanding of the composition, organization, interaction and function of the various cell types in complex biological systems. However, the current multiplexed protein imaging technologies suffer from low detection sensitivity, limited multiplexing capacity or technically demanding. To tackle these issues, here we report the development of a highly sensitive and multiplexed in situ protein profiling method using off-the-shelf antibodies.

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Mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene occur in >80% of the triple-negative or basal-like breast cancer. To test whether neomorphic functions of specific TP53 missense mutations contribute to phenotypic heterogeneity, we characterized phenotypes of non-transformed MCF10A-derived cell lines expressing the ten most common missense mutant p53 proteins and observed a wide spectrum of phenotypic changes in cell survival, resistance to apoptosis and anoikis, cell migration, invasion and 3D mammosphere architecture. The p53 mutants R248W, R273C, R248Q, and Y220C are the most aggressive while G245S and Y234C are the least, which correlates with survival rates of basal-like breast cancer patients.

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Objective: This study investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among adults over 18 years.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Settings: A large public university.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had important implications for college students' socioemotional and academic well-being. Sleep problems were common during this time, which may have further impacted well-being. Five hundred and fifty-two college students ( = 19.

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Patients with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) exhibit a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. A person's antimicrobial antibody profile, as partially shaped by past infection or vaccination, can reflect the immune system health that is critical to control and resolve the infection. We performed an explorative immunoproteomics study using microbial protein arrays displaying 318 full-length antigens from 77 viruses and 3 bacteria.

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Article Synopsis
  • Understanding autoimmunity to the body's own proteins is key for diagnosing and treating autoimmune diseases, prompting the development of the AAgAtlas portal which lists over 8,000 autoantigens linked to various human diseases.
  • The portal allows users to explore the properties and characteristics of these autoantigens, highlighting their evolutionary conservation and common features like hydrophilic amino acids that are often found on protein surfaces.
  • Findings indicate that the production of antibodies targeting these autoantigens is related to genetic variations and abnormal protein expression in diseases, aiding in the identification of potential biomarkers for autoimmune conditions.
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  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) involves complex microbial interactions, and this study tests the idea that analyzing specific antibodies to microbial proteins can help understand its causes.
  • The research used a new technology called NAPPA to analyze serum samples from 118 individuals (39 with CRS and 79 controls), focusing on antibodies against a wide range of bacterial and viral proteins.
  • Results showed CRS patients had higher levels of antibodies to certain bacteria (like Staphylococcus aureus) and viruses (including human metapneumovirus and herpesviruses), indicating possible recent infections or ongoing microbial colonization in these patients.
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Protein microarrays are an important tool when analyzing multiple analytes simultaneously. As the human genome contains approximately 20,000 genes, examining the interactions of even just one representative protein for each gene requires a high-throughput technique. For instance, the interaction between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a form of polysaccharide, and chemokines, small chemoattractant proteins, is critical for local inflammation.

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Background: Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection may induce gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM). We compared anti-H. pylori antibody profiles between IM cases and non-atrophic gastritis (NAG) controls.

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Background: The healthcare burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising globally and there are limited non-invasive biomarkers for accurate and early diagnosis.

Aim: To understand the important role that intestinal microbiota play in IBD pathogenesis and identify anti-microbial antibody signatures that benefit clinical management of IBD patients.

Methods: We performed serological profiling of 100 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, 100 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 100 healthy controls against 1173 bacterial and 397 viral proteins from 50 bacteria and 33 viruses on protein microarrays.

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Background: CT screening can detect lung cancer early but suffers a high false-positive rate. There is a need for molecular biomarkers that can distinguish malignant and benign indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) detected by CT scan.

Methods: We profiled antibodies against 901 individual microbial antigens from 27 bacteria and 29 viruses in sera from 127 lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), 123 smoker controls (SMC), 170 benign nodule controls (BNC) individuals using protein microarrays to identify ADC and BNC specific antimicrobial antibodies.

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Background: Global efforts are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the underlying cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including seroprevalence, risk factors, and long-term sequelae, as well as immune responses after vaccination across populations and the social dimensions of prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods: In the United States, the National Cancer Institute in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, established the SARS-CoV-2 Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) as the nation's largest coordinated effort to study coronavirus disease 2019. The network comprises multidisciplinary researchers bridging gaps and fostering collaborations among immunologists, epidemiologists, virologists, clinicians and clinical laboratories, social and behavioral scientists, policymakers, data scientists, and community members.

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Article Synopsis
  • The National Cancer Institute established the Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) in October 2020 to study immune responses to COVID-19 and enhance serological testing technologies.
  • SeroNet involves 25 research institutions collaborating on COVID-19 serological assays, including developing and sharing assay procedures and harmonization plans.
  • A structured approach was taken to calibrate various serological assays to reference standards, resulting in a wide range of developed assays that will allow for consistent reporting and future data comparisons across studies.
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Autoantibodies are a hallmark of both autoimmune disease and cancer, but they also occur in healthy individuals. Here, we perform a meta-analysis of nine datasets and focus on the common autoantibodies shared by healthy individuals. We report 77 common autoantibodies based on the protein microarray data obtained from probing 182 healthy individual sera on 7,653 human proteins and an additional 90 healthy individual sera on 1,666 human proteins.

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