Preoperative and pre-chemotherapy CA-125 levels in high-risk early-stage ovarian cancer - An NRG/GOG study.

Objectives: To determine clinical significance of preoperative and pre-chemotherapy CA-125 in high-risk early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

Methods: All patients with stage IA/IB and grade 3, stage IC, clear cell, or completed resected stage II cancer were enrolled in a phase III trial and treated with chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used for statistical analyses.

Executive Summary of the Lower Anogenital Tract Cancer Evidence Review Conference.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored a project conducted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to develop educational materials for clinicians on the prevention and early diagnosis of gynecologic cancers. For this final module, focusing on the cancers of the lower anogenital tract (vulva, vagina, and anus), a panel of experts in evidence assessment from the Society for Academic Specialists in General Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASCCP, and the Society of Gynecologic Oncology reviewed relevant literature and current guidelines. Panel members conducted structured literature reviews, which were then reviewed by other panel members.

The clinical and prognostic significance of pre-chemotherapy serum CA-125 in high-risk early stage ovarian cancer: An NRG/GOG ancillary study.

Objectives: To determine the clinical and prognostic significance of CA-125 trends prior to, during, and after chemotherapy in high-risk early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

Methods: All patients were enrolled in a phase III randomized trial (GOG 157) following upfront surgery for grade 3 stage IA/IB, stage IC, or stage II disease, and had been treated with either three or six cycles of carboplatin/paclitaxel. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).

Symptoms of Women With High-Risk Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer.

Objective: To assess the presentation, characteristics, and prognostic significance of symptoms in patients with high-risk early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients enrolled in a phase III clinical trial (GOG 157). All patients had surgically staged, high-risk early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (stage IA-IB and grade 3, any clear cell, stage IC or II).

Solitary skull metastasis in presumed early stage cervical cancer.

•We present an isolated skull metastasis in stage IB2 squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.•Providers should have high index of suspicion for skull mass following cervical carcinoma diagnosis.•Adding denosumab to treatment regimen for bony metastasis should be considered due to its bone stabilizing properties.

Effects of Slide Storage on Detection of Molecular Markers by IHC and FISH in Endometrial Cancer Tissues From a Clinical Trial: An NRG Oncology/GOG Pilot Study.

We performed a pilot study in anticipation of using long-aged precut formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections stored in real-world conditions for translational biomarker studies of topoisomerase 2A (TOP2A), Ki67, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in endometrial cancer. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks or unstained slides or both from GOG-0177 were collected centrally (1999-2000) and stored at room temperature. During 2004 to 2011 specimens were stored at 4°C.

Multisite Quality Improvement Study of a Patient-Pathologist Consultation Program.

Objectives: The aim of this multisite quality improvement study was to evaluate patients' experiences with the patient-centered pathology (PCP) consultation program and to determine whether PCP enhanced their care experience.

Methods: Patients were invited to attend PCP consultations to review their pathology report and slides and have their questions answered by the pathologist privately, with the option to attend the appointment with family members or friends for support. A patient experience questionnaire (PEQ) was administered to patients, who participated voluntarily in the PCP, and survey data were collected and stored in REDCap.

When to Operate, Hesitate and Reintegrate: Society of Gynecologic Oncology Surgical Considerations during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged our ability to provide timely surgical care for our patients. In response, the U.S.

Adjusting to the new reality: Evaluation of early practice pattern adaptations to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: We aim to define national practice patterns to assess current clinical practice, anticipated delays and areas of concern that potentially could lead to deviations from the normal standard of care.

Methods: Anonymous surveys were emailed to members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO). The spread of COVID-19 and its impact on gynecologic oncology care in terms of alterations to normal treatment patterns and anticipated challenges were assessed.

Anti-cancer therapy and clinical trial considerations for gynecologic oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has consumed considerable resources and has impacted the delivery of cancer care. Patients with cancer may have factors which place them at high risk for COVID 19 morbidity or mortality. Highly immunosuppressive chemotherapy regimens and possible exposure to COVID-19 during treatment may put patients at additional risk.

Mutational profile of endometrial hyperplasia and risk of progression to endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Background: Endometrial hyperplasia is a precursor to endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EMC), the most common uterine cancer. The likelihood of progression to carcinoma may be evaluated by histologic subclassification of endometrial hyperplasia, although these subclasses are subjective and only modestly reproducible among pathologists. Patient care would be improved by a more objective test to predict the risk of cancer progression.

Factors associated with the successful completion of randomized controlled trials in gynecological oncology.

Purpose: The aim of our review was to ascertain factors associated with the successful completion of a randomized controlled trial in gynecological oncology.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data collected from the National Institutes of Health's US National Library of Medicine database on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Papillomavirus E6 and E7 Oncoproteins Inhibit Tumor Growth in Experimental Cervical Cancer.

Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are initiated by persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (hr-HPV). When hr-HPV integrates into the host genome, the constitutive expression of oncogenic HPV proteins E6 and E7 function to disrupt p53 and retinoblastoma regulation of cell cycle, respectively, to favor malignant transformation. HPV E6 and E7 are oncogenes found in over 99% of cervical cancer, they are also expressed in pre-neoplastic stages making these viral oncoproteins attractive therapeutic targets.

Pathway to the Papanicolaou smear: The development of cervical cytology in twentieth-century America and implications in the present day.

George Papanicolaou, a Greek immigrant and cytopathologist, was responsible for what is now colloquially known as the "Pap smear"-undoubtedly one of the greatest advances in medicine and public health of the last century. However, his landmark research on the development of cervical cytology for the detection of precancerous lesions of the cervix ("New Cancer Diagnosis," 1928) made a rather inauspicious debut in an unlikely venue: John Harvey Kellogg's Third Race Betterment Conference-a meeting devoted to the furtherance of the concept and implementation of eugenics. Herein, we discuss the stark juxtaposition of Papanicolaou's landmark discovery amid the pseudoscience of the third Race Betterment Conference.

GOG 8020/210: Risk stratification of lymph node metastasis, disease progression and survival using single nucleotide polymorphisms in endometrial cancer: An NRG oncology/gynecologic oncology group study.

Objectives: The ability to stratify a patient's risk of metastasis and survival permits more refined care. A proof of principle study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in literature based candidate cancer genes and the risk of nodal metastasis and clinical outcome in endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) patients.

Methods: Surgically-staged EEC patients from the Gynecologic Oncology Group or Washington University School of Medicine with germline DNA available were eligible.

GPx3 supports ovarian cancer progression by manipulating the extracellular redox environment.

Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and is primarily diagnosed at late stage when considerable metastasis has occurred in the peritoneal cavity. At late stage abdominal cavity ascites accumulation provides a tumor-supporting medium in which cancer cells gain access to growth factors and cytokines that promote survival and metastasis. However, little is known about the redox status of ascites, or whether antioxidant enzymes are required to support ovarian cancer survival during transcoelomic metastasis in this medium.

The role of pemetrexed in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: A scoping review.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality among gynecologic malignancies, with most cases diagnosed at an advanced stage. Despite an initial response, most develop a recurrence and subsequent resistance to standard therapies. Pemetrexed (Alimta) is a new generation multi-targeted antifolate initially approved for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with ovarian yolk sac tumor.

•Tumor lysis syndrome is an oncologic emergency with profound metabolic derangements.•Germ cell tumors with large disease burden increase the risk for tumor lysis syndrome.•Herein we present a case of tumor lysis syndrome prior to initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy for ovarian yolk sac tumor.

Clonal evolution in paired endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia/atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AH) are histomorphologically defined precursors to endometrioid adenocarcinoma, which are unified as EIN/AH by the World Health Organization. EIN/AH harbors a constellation of molecular alterations similar to those found in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. However, the process of clonal evolution from EIN/AH to carcinoma is poorly characterized.

The Wertheim hysterectomy: Development, modifications, and impact in the present day.

Ernst Wertheim was a pioneer in the history of the surgical treatment of cervical cancer. His English-language manuscript "The extended abdominal operation for carcinoma uteri (based on 500 operative cases)," which was published in 1912, detailed his standardization of the radical hysterectomy and formed the basis of the current treatment for early stage cervical cancer. We contextualize the Wertheim hysterectomy, emphasizing medical advances that allowed for its development and subsequent modification.

Surgical Competency for Robot-Assisted Hysterectomy: Development and Validation of a Robotic Hysterectomy Assessment Score (RHAS).

Study Objective: To develop and validate a procedure-specific scoring algorithm to objectively measure robotic surgical skills during robot-assisted hysterectomy and to facilitate robotic surgery training and education.

Design: (Canadian Task Force classification III).

Setting: A National Comprehensive Cancer Network-designated comprehensive cancer center.

Disease extent at secondary cytoreductive surgery is predictive of progression-free and overall survival in advanced stage ovarian cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

Purpose: GOG 152 was a randomized trial of secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) in patients with suboptimal residual disease (residual tumor nodule >1cm in greatest diameter) following primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced stage ovarian cancer. The current analysis was undertaken to evaluate the impact of disease findings at SCS on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods: Among the 550 patients enrolled on GOG-152, two-hundred-sixteen patients were randomly assigned following 3cycles of cisplatin and paclitaxel to receive SCS.