Revision and Conversion to Arthroplasty Are Low Among Adolescents Undergoing Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Using the Bridge-In-Slot Technique at Midterm Follow-Up.

Purpose: To report midterm outcomes after primary medial and lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) with fresh-frozen allografts implanted with the bridge-in-slot technique in the adolescent patient population.

Methods: Adolescent patients less than 18 years old at the time of primary MAT from 1999 to 2016 were retrospectively identified. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective form, Lysholm, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales scores were collected before surgery and at 1-year, 2-year, and a minimum 5-year follow-up.

Minimum 10-Year Clinical Outcomes and Survivorship of Meniscal Allograft Transplantation With Fresh-Frozen Allografts Using the Bridge-in-Slot Technique.

Background: Meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has been shown to provide clinical benefits in patients with symptomatic meniscal deficiency in the short term and midterm. There is, however, a paucity of data regarding long-term outcomes after MAT using fresh-frozen allografts and the bridge-in-slot technique.

Purpose: To report clinical outcomes and revision rates after primary MAT with fresh-frozen allografts and the bridge-in-slot technique in a large case series of patients at a 10-year minimum follow-up.

Long-term outcomes after osteochondral allograft transplantation to the humeral head.

Background: Long-term outcomes of osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation to the humeral head have been sparsely reported in the literature.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes and survivorship of OCA transplantation to the humeral head in patients with osteochondral defects at a minimum of 10 years of follow-up.

Methods: A registry of patients who underwent humeral head OCA transplantation between 2004 and 2012 was reviewed.

Patient-Specific Variables Associated with Failure to Achieve Clinically Significant Outcomes After Meniscal Allograft Transplantation at Minimum 5 Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: To determine the improvements in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) necessary to achieve minimal clinically important difference (MCID), patient-acceptable symptomatic state (PASS), and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) after primary meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) at a minimum of 5-year follow-up, while identifying variables predictive of achieving clinically significant outcomes (CSOs).

Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients undergoing primary MAT at a single institution from 1999 to 2016. Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales were collected before surgery and at a minimum of 5-year follow-up.

Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Focal Cartilage Defects of the Femoral Condyles.

Unlabelled: Focal cartilage defects of the knee are painful and difficult to treat, especially in younger patients. Seen in up to 60% of patients who undergo knee arthroscopy, chondral lesions are most common on the patella and medial femoral condyle. Although the majority of lesions are asymptomatic, a variety of treatment options exist for those that are symptomatic; however, no clear gold-standard treatment has been established.

Prospective Randomized Trial of Biologic Augmentation With Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Background: Although initial studies have demonstrated that concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) injections promote rotator cuff repair (RCR) healing, there are no randomized prospective studies investigating clinical efficacy.

Hypothesis/purpose: To compare outcomes after arthroscopic RCR (aRCR) with and without cBMA augmentation. It was hypothesized that cBMA augmentation would result in statistically significant improvements in clinical outcomes and rotator cuff structural integrity.

Meniscal Extrusion: A Critical Analysis Review.

➢: Pathologic meniscal extrusion can compromise meniscal function, leading to increased contact forces in the tibiofemoral compartment and the acceleration of osteoarthritic changes.

➢: Extrusion is typically defined as radial displacement of ≥3 mm outside the tibial border and is best diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging, although ultrasonography has also demonstrated encouraging diagnostic utility.

➢: Surgical management of meniscal extrusion is based on the underlying etiology, the patient's symptom profile, the preexisting health of the articular surface, and the risk of future chondral injury and osteoarthritis.

Editorial Commentary: Rotator Cuff Repair: Graft Augmentation Provides Promising Clinical Outcomes.

Rotator cuff repair has benefitted from many technologic advances including the advent of arthroscopy, improved implant materials, and refined repair techniques. Despite our efforts to improve the science of rotator cuff repair, clinical advances have lagged far behind. Graft augmentation of rotator cuff repairs is an emerging and heterogeneous field that has significantly improved both healing rates and patient-reported metrics in initial data reporting.

Effect of Mechanical Mincing on Minimally Manipulated Articular Cartilage for Surgical Transplantation.

Background: Point-of-care treatment options for medium to large symptomatic articular cartilage defects are limited. Minced cartilage implantation is an encouraging single-stage option, providing fresh viable autologous tissue with minimal morbidity and cost.

Purpose: To determine the histological properties of mechanically minced versus minimally manipulated articular cartilage.

Meniscal ramp lesions - Skillful neglect or routine repair?

Background: Meniscal ramp lesions are injuries of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus at the meniscocapsular junction or the meniscotibial ligament and are frequently associated with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Objective: To review the current literature on meniscal ramp lesion management to better define the indications for and outcomes of repair.

Methods: A narrative literature review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases.

Rotator Cuff Repair in the Pediatric Population Displays Favorable Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To systematically review the literature to determine the injury mechanisms, presentation, and timing of diagnosis for pediatric patients with intratendinous rotator cuff tears and to determine the efficacy of surgical intervention for affected patients.

Methods: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Scopus were searched. Studies were included if they involved only pediatric patients, soft-tissue rotator cuff injuries managed surgically, and reported outcomes.

Rehabilitation, Restrictions, and Return to Sport After Cartilage Procedures.

The ability to return to sport (RTS) after articular cartilage injury is of vital importance to athletes. Discussing the likelihood of returning to sport with patients is necessary, yet patients should be informed of the heterogeneous nature of the variables associated with successful RTS and the methodologic limitations behind current RTS rate estimates. Patient-specific factors affecting RTS are numerous and, in most cases, their isolated effect on RTS rates have yet to be examined and will remain difficult to do so.

Peroneal Tendinosis and Subluxation.

Peroneal tendinosis and subluxation are lifestyle-limiting conditions that can worsen if not properly diagnosed and treated. Adequate knowledge of ankle anatomy and detailed history and comprehensive physical examination is essential for diagnosis. Peroneal tendinopathy is likely to result from overuse, whereas subluxation often precipitates from forceful contraction of peroneals during sudden dorsiflexion while landing or abruptly stopping.

Computing the effective diffusion coefficient of solutes in a multi-salts solutions during forward osmosis (FO) membrane filtration: Experiments and mathematical modelling.

Diffusion coefficient of solutes through a porous membrane media is different from diffusion coefficient through a free homogenous media. Porosity, tortuosity and the thickness of the membrane significantly affect the diffusion through a specific thickness of a membrane and therefore it is termed as effective diffusion coefficient (D) which is lower than the actual diffusion coefficient, D. The D of single or dual solutes through a porous membrane layer are well documented but not for multiple salts.

GPI-80 defines self-renewal ability in hematopoietic stem cells during human development.

Advances in pluripotent stem cell and reprogramming technologies have given us the hope of generating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in culture. To succeed, greater understanding of the self-renewing HSC during human development is required. We discovered that the glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored surface protein GPI-80 defines a subpopulation of human fetal liver hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) with self-renewal ability.

Slits affect the timely migration of neural crest cells via Robo receptor.

Background: Neural crest cells emerge by delamination from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to various components of the peripheral nervous system in vertebrate embryos. These cells change from non-motile into highly motile cells migrating to distant areas before further differentiation. Mechanisms controlling delamination and subsequent migration of neural crest cells are not fully understood.

The displaced and dispossessed of Darfur: explaining the sources of a continuing state-led genocide.

The millions of survivors who fled from attacks to Sudanese-controlled displacement camps and the refugee camps in Chad are the living ghosts of the Darfur genocide. The 1948 Genocide Convention incorporates extermination by mass killing and elimination through forced migration as two distinct elements of genocide. Genocide scholars and public discourse emphasize extermination by killing, but they give far less explanatory attention to the elimination processes that the Genocide Convention describes as 'deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction'.