Outcomes Following Revision Stapes Surgery in Children: A Single-Surgeon, Single-Center 15-Year Experience.

Objective: To review a single surgeon experience with revision pediatric stapes surgery for congenital stapes fixation (CSF) and tympanosclerosis (TS). Secondly, to determine whether hearing outcomes following revision surgery may be predicted by a thorough work-up aimed at assessing whether an extruded or malpositioned prosthesis is likely to be encountered intraoperatively.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

T-tubes Through Cartilage Tympanoplasty: Is It Worth the Perforation Risk?

Objective: To review a single surgeon's experience with T-tube placement through cartilage tympanoplasty versus native tympanic membrane for long-term ventilation of the chronic ear and residual perforation rates following tube removal.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Two tertiary referral centers.

Outcomes of Primary Pediatric Stapedotomy.

Objective: To review a single institution experience with pediatric stapedotomy for juvenile otosclerosis (JO), congenital stapes footplate fixation (CSFF), or tympanosclerosis.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Partial Adenoidectomy in Patients With Palatal Abnormalities.

Background: Velopharyngeal insufficiency is a feared complication of adenoidectomies in patients with palatal abnormalities. Thus, the benefits of adenoidectomy in this population are less understood. The techniques of partial adenoidectomy aim to preserve velopharyngeal closure while sufficiently debulking the nasal airway to ameliorate obstruction and snoring.

Myiasis of the ear: a review with entomological aspects for the otolaryngologist.

Objective: Myiasis is the infestation of live humans (or animals) by fly larvae. Although the diagnosis is relatively straightforward, how to best treat aural myiasis has not been well described in the literature. This comprehensive literature review, therefore, was performed to identify current management principles in aural myiasis, especially with regard to the causative fly family.

Safety and efficacy of topical bacteriophage and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection in a sheep model of sinusitis.

Background: Treatment of sinonasal bacterial biofilms continues to be a challenge in modern rhinology. This study's objective was to assess the safety and efficacy of topically applied Cocktail of S. aureus specific phage (CTSA) alone and in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vivo.

Bacterial-induced epithelial damage promotes fungal biofilm formation in a sheep model of sinusitis.

Background: Fungal biofilms have been discovered in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, but factors contributing to their establishment are obscure. A recent animal study showed bacterial co-inoculation was required. We examine the role of 4 bacterial species and a cilia toxin on fungal biofilm formation in a sheep sinusitis model.

A randomized trial of mupirocin sinonasal rinses versus saline in surgically recalcitrant staphylococcal chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objectives/hypothesis: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) recalcitrant to surgery is a frustrating clinical entity. Recently, mupirocin sinonasal rinses have been suggested as an efficacious treatment alternative in these patients where Staphylococcus aureus infection is demonstrated. To our knowledge, how best to treat this S aureus reservoir has not been previously evaluated in a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

What is the origin of Staphylococcus aureus in the early postoperative sinonasal cavity?

Background: Despite increasing evidence of a role for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the origin of this organism in the postsurgical sinonasal cavity had been unclear. Recently, we suggested that the increased culture rate of S.

Microbiological outcomes following mupirocin nasal washes for symptomatic, Staphylococcus aureus-positive chronic rhinosinusitis following endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: Persistent infection following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a frustrating entity for the patient and rhinologist alike. Mupirocin nasal washes have been proposed as an efficacious treatment in such patients. Two small studies have reported excellent short-term posttreatment outcomes; however, the long-term microbiological outcomes following treatment are not known; likewise, the rate of mupirocin-resistance following treatment has not been explored.

Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: Nemesis of endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objectives/hypothesis: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with biofilms have persistent postoperative symptoms, ongoing mucosal inflammation, and recurrent infections. Recent evidence suggests that biofilms of differing species confer varying disease profiles in CRS patients. We aimed to prospectively investigate the effects of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and fungal biofilms on outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methylglyoxal-infused honey mimics the anti-Staphylococcus aureus biofilm activity of manuka honey: potential implication in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objectives/hypothesis: Low pH, hydrogen peroxide generation, and the hyperosmolarity mechanisms of antimicrobial action are ubiquitous for all honeys. In addition, manuka honey has been shown to contain high concentrations of methylglyoxal (MGO), contributing the relatively superior antimicrobial activity of manuka honey compared to non-MGO honeys. In high concentrations, manuka honey is effective in killing Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro.

Do biofilms contribute to the initiation and recalcitrance of chronic rhinosinusitis?

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common disease whose underlying aetiopathogenesis has not been completely understood. Amongst a range of other potential environmental triggers in this disease, a role has recently been proposed for bacterial biofilms. Adopting the biofilm paradigm to explain the initiation and maintenance of this disease may help to clarify previous inconsistencies in this disease that have resulted in the role of bacteria being questioned.

Impaired mucosal healing and infection associated with Staphylococcus aureus after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: Differentiating normal nasal discharge and postoperative crust from infection after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) can be difficult. We investigated whether bacteria cultured at operation was predictive for postoperative mucosal infection-defined as frank pus, thick mucus, and/or abnormal crusting seen on endoscopic examination associated with positive microbiology.

Methods: The records of 48 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with infection at the time of ESS were retrospectively reviewed.