possessing the dihydroxyacetone phosphate shunt utilize 5'-deoxynucleosides for growth.

Unlabelled: All organisms utilize -adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as a key co-substrate for the methylation of biological molecules, the synthesis of polyamines, and radical SAM reactions. When these processes occur, 5'-deoxy-nucleosides are formed as byproducts such as -adenosyl-l-homocysteine, 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), and 5'-deoxyadenosine (5dAdo). A prevalent pathway found in bacteria for the metabolism of MTA and 5dAdo is the dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) shunt, which converts these compounds into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 2-methylthioacetaldehyde or acetaldehyde, respectively.

Utilization of 5'-deoxy-nucleosides as Growth Substrates by Extraintestinal Pathogenic via the Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Shunt.

All organisms utilize -adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as a key co-substrate for methylation of biological molecules, synthesis of polyamines, and radical SAM reactions. When these processes occur, 5'-deoxy-nucleosides are formed as byproducts such as -adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH), 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), and 5'-deoxyadenosine (5dAdo). One of the most prevalent pathways found in bacteria for the metabolism of MTA and 5dAdo is the DHAP shunt, which converts these compounds into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and 2-methylthioacetaldehyde or acetaldehyde, respectively.

Three-year results of mandated work hour restrictions: attending and resident perspectives and effects in a community hospital.

In response to the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education mandated resident work hour restrictions, our residency program used a night float system in 2003. We undertook a survey of attending staff and residents to assess its effects on patient care and resident education. An anonymous survey was administered to attending staff and residents 1 year and 3 years after work hour restrictions took effect.

Two distinct phenotypes of rat vascular smooth muscle cells: growth rate and Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

The monoclonal theory of atherosclerosis postulates that a subpopulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is selectively expanded in response to pathologic stimuli and accumulates in vascular intima. The purpose of this research was to clone VSMC, determine growth rates of the clones and their ability to release the mitogenic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). With approval of the institutional animal care and use committee, VSMCs were isolated and cultured from the thoracic aortas of three rats.

Norepinephrine is a more potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor over a range of doses than dopamine.

In the current study, we test the hypothesis that norepinephrine has greater anti-inflammatory effects versus dopamine over a range of doses in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokine release in human saphenous vein. Segments of saphenous vein were cut and separated into 1 mm x 1 mm squares and placed into two 24-well plates. These small segments of vessels were incubated in the presence of 20 microg/mL bacterial LPS, alone as a control or with 10x-6, 10x-5, 10x-4, 10x-3 concentration of dopamine or norepinephrine and LPS.