Heatwaves, medications, and heat-related hospitalization in older Medicare beneficiaries with chronic conditions.

Background: Heatwaves kill more people than floods, tornadoes, and earthquakes combined and disproportionally affect older persons and those with chronic conditions. Commonly used medications for chronic conditions, e.g.

Strength and Diversity of Inhibitory Signaling Differentiates Primate Anterior Cingulate from Lateral Prefrontal Cortex.

The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of the primate play distinctive roles in the mediation of complex cognitive tasks. Compared with the LPFC, integration of information by the ACC can span longer timescales and requires stronger engagement of inhibitory processes. Here, we reveal the synaptic mechanism likely to underlie these differences using patch-clamp recordings of synaptic events and multiscale imaging of synaptic markers in rhesus monkeys.

Area-Specific Features of Pyramidal Neurons-a Comparative Study in Mouse and Rhesus Monkey.

A principal challenge of systems neuroscience is to understand the unique characteristics of cortical neurons and circuits that enable area- and species-specific sensory encoding, motor function, cognition, and behavior. To address this issue, we compared properties of layer 3 pyramidal neurons in 2 cortical areas that span a broad range of cortical function-primary sensory (V1), to cognitive (frontal)-in the mouse and the rhesus monkey. Hierarchical clustering and discriminant analyses of 15 physiological and 25 morphological variables revealed 2 fundamental principles.

Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravaginal rings delivering tenofovir in pig-tailed macaques.

Antiretroviral-based microbicides applied topically to the vagina may play an important role in protecting women from HIV infection. Incorporation of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir (TFV) into intravaginal rings (IVRs) for sustained mucosal delivery may lead to increased microbicide product adherence and efficacy compared with those of conventional vaginal formulations. Formulations of a novel "pod IVR" platform spanning a range of IVR drug loadings and daily release rates of TFV were evaluated in a pig-tailed macaque model.

An intravaginal ring for the simultaneous delivery of multiple drugs.

Intravaginal delivery of microbicide combinations is a promising approach for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, but requires a method of providing simultaneous, independent release of multiple agents into the vaginal compartment. A novel intravaginal ring (IVR) platform has been developed for simultaneous delivery of the reverse-transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir (TFV) and the guanosine analogue antiviral acyclovir (ACV) with independent control of release rate for each drug. The IVR is based on a pod design, with up to 10 individual polymer-coated drug cores embedded in the ring releasing through preformed delivery channels.