Grainyhead-like-2, an epithelial master programmer, promotes interferon induction and suppresses breast cancer recurrence.

Type-I and -III interferons play a central role in immune rejection of pathogens and tumors, thus promoting immunogenicity and suppressing tumor recurrence. Double strand RNA is an important ligand that stimulates tumor immunity via interferon responses. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to pluripotent epithelial cells activates the interferon response during development, raising the question of whether epithelial vs.

Brain Metastasis Incidence and Patterns of Presentation After Definitive Treatment of Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Potential Argument for Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Surveillance.

Purpose: Brain metastases (BMs) are a common source of morbidity and mortality. Guidelines do not advise brain surveillance for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). We describe the incidence, time to development, presentation, and management of BMs after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Bridging the Communication Gaps: A Prospective Single-Arm Pilot Study Testing the Feasibility of Interdisciplinary Radiotherapy Planning in Locally Advanced Lung Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: The treatment of locally advanced lung cancer (LALC) with radiotherapy (RT) can be challenging. Multidisciplinary collaboration between radiologists and radiation oncologists (ROs) may optimize RT planning, reduce uncertainty in follow-up imaging interpretation, and improve outcomes.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective clinical treatment trial (clinicaltrials.

Skeletal-Related Events After Surgery With or Without Radiotherapy for Bone Metastases to Weight-Bearing Bones.

Introduction In patients with metastatic disease involving weight-bearing bones, postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is commonly administered following surgical stabilization of an impending or confirmed pathologic fracture to reduce the risk of a seeded local recurrence. The goal was to re-evaluate the beneficial effect of PORT in a modern cohort of patients and determine any potential clinical predictors of skeletal-related events (SREs) which were defined as a pathologic fracture or the necessity for radiation or surgery to the affected bone. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing surgical stabilization of metastatic disease to weight-bearing bones of the extremities between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed.

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy with planned Gamma Knife radiosurgery boost for head and neck cancer with extensive disease in proximity to critical structures.

Background: To describe intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) boost for locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) with disease near dose-limiting structures.

Methods: Patients with HNC treated with IMRT/GKRS as part of a combined modality approach between 2011 and 2021 were reviewed. Local control, overall survival and disease-specific survival were estimated using the Kaplan Meier method.

Discordance Between Oncology Clinician-Perceived and Radiologist-Intended Meaning of the Postradiotherapy Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Freeform Report for Head and Neck Cancer.

Importance: Assessment of response after radiotherapy (RT) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) is routine in managing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Freeform reporting may contribute to a clinician's misunderstanding of the nuclear medicine (NM) physician's image interpretation, with important clinical implications.

Objective: To assess clinician-perceived freeform report meaning and discordance with NM interpretation using the modified Deauville score (MDS).

Palliative Appropriateness Criteria: A Pragmatic Method to Evaluate the Suitability of Palliative Radiotherapy Fractionation.

To describe a novel metric to aid clinical decision making between shorter versus longer palliative radiotherapy (PRT) regimens using objective patient factors. Patients receiving PRT at a single institution between 2014 and 2018 were reviewed. The time between PRT start and finish was calculated and divided by overall survival (in days from start of PRT) to generate the percent of remaining life (PRL).

Perineural Invasion As the Sole Pathologic Risk Factor After Surgical Resection for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is routinely recommended for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) based on pathologic risk factors (pRFs) such as perineural invasion (PNI). Patients with PNI as the sole pRF after resection of HNSCC are uncommon and their prognosis is less clear. The aim of this study is to assess the role of PNI as a sole risk factor in patients with otherwise pathologically low-risk HNSCC.

Five- Versus Ten-Fraction Regimens of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Primary and Metastatic NSCLC.

Introduction: At our institution, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has commonly been prescribed with 50 Gy in 5 fractions and in select cases, 50 Gy in 10 fractions. We sought to evaluate the impact of these 2 fractionation schedules on local control and survival outcomes.

Methods: We reviewed patients treated with SBRT with 50 Gy/5 fraction or 50 Gy/10 fraction for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and metastatic NSCLC.

Grainyhead-like-2 confers NK-sensitivity through interactions with epigenetic modifiers.

Natural Killer (NK) cells suppress tumor initiation and metastasis. Most carcinomas are heterogeneous mixtures of epithelial, mesenchymal and hybrid tumor cells, but the relationships of these phenotypes to NK susceptibility are understood incompletely. Grainyhead-like-2 (GRHL2) is a master programmer of the epithelial phenotype, that is obligatorily down-regulated during experimentally induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT).

Grainyhead-like 2 inhibits the coactivator p300, suppressing tubulogenesis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Developmental morphogenesis and tumor progression require a transient or stable breakdown of epithelial junctional complexes to permit programmed migration, invasion, and anoikis resistance, characteristics endowed by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial master-regulatory transcription factor Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) suppresses and reverses EMT, causing a mesenchymal-epithelial transition to the default epithelial phenotype. Here we investigated the role of GRHL2 in tubulogenesis of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, a process requiring transient, partial EMT.

Grainyhead-like 2 Reverses the Metabolic Changes Induced by the Oncogenic Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Effects on Anoikis.

Unlabelled: Resistance to anoikis is a prerequisite for tumor metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allows tumor cells to evade anoikis. The wound-healing regulatory transcription factor Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) suppresses/reverses EMT, accompanied by suppression of the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype and by resensitization to anoikis.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor suppression are controlled by a reciprocal feedback loop between ZEB1 and Grainyhead-like-2.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinoma cells enhances malignant progression by promoting invasion and survival. EMT is induced by microenvironmental factors, including TGF-β and Wnt agonists, and by the E-box-binding transcription factors Twist, Snail, and ZEB. Grainyhead-like-2 (GRHL2), a member of the mammalian Grainyhead family of wound-healing regulatory transcription factors, suppresses EMT and restores sensitivity to anoikis by repressing ZEB1 expression and inhibiting TGF-β signaling.