Functional Domains of Substance Use and their Implications to Trauma: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant health problem, and trauma exposure is a known risk factor for the escalation of substance use. However, the shared neural mechanisms through which trauma is associated with substance use are still unknown. Therefore, we systematically review neuroimaging studies focusing on three domains that may contribute to the overlapping mechanisms of SUD and trauma-reward salience, negative emotionality, and inhibition.

Incidental finding of a retained intracorneal wooden foreign body.

We present a case of an intracorneal wooden foreign body that remained undetected for 15 years following an ocular injury sustained during gardening. The patient presented with stable visual acuity despite the long-standing presence of a wooden splinter embedded in the cornea. Interestingly, Pentacam corneal tomography did not show any abnormalities despite the foreign body piercing through the corneal stroma and endothelium.

Analysis of ophthalmology subspecialty opioid prescribing patterns during the opioid public health crisis.

Objective: To describe opioid prescribing practices of ophthalmology subspecialties and determine whether opioid prescribing has decreased during the public health crisis.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Ophthalmologists prescribing at least 11 medications billed to the Medicare Part D prescription drug plan.

Patient Clinical Outcomes in Standalone Versus a Combined Ophthalmology-rheumatology Uveitis Clinic.

Background: To evaluate uveitis care outcomes in standalone versus a combined ophthalmology-rheumatology clinic.

Methods: Participants were patients aged 18 years and older with a minimum 12-month history of chronic uveitis prior to being referred to the combined uveitis clinic at Kresge Eye Institute and who were treated in the combined clinic for at least 6 months. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), objective markers of inflammation, and achieving targeted dose of immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) were compared in the cohort of uveitis patients 6 months prior to and after the initial evaluation in the combined clinic.

Recurrent Unprovoked Deep Vein Thromboses in the Setting of Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is described as a state of immune-mediated chronic systemic inflammatory disease that is typically characterized by non-caseating granulomas. It involves multiple organs like the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, skin, and liver. Besides the solid organ involvement, it is also known to be associated with various pro-thrombotic states leading to pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis.

Pleiotropy of a Stickler syndrome genotype.

Purpose: To report a case of pleiotropy in the gene typically associated with Stickler Syndrome Type 1.

Observations: A patient with a confirmed mutation of the gene presented with an isolated retinitis pigmentosa phenotype.

Conclusions: The mutated gene in Stickler Syndrome Type 1 represents a site of pleiotropy, highlighting a change in phenotype across the same genotype potentially due to tissue alternative splicing.

Baseline Diabetes Knowledge Assessment Amongst Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Eye Care at a Tertiary Ophthalmic Centre in Canada.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to assess the current state of baseline knowledge of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in new patients referred to a tertiary retina service from their primary eye care provider.

Methods: This single-centre, prospective, observational study included patients presenting to the retina clinic at the Hamilton Regional Eye Institute, a major tertiary referral centre, for their initial consultation for diabetes- or DR-associated complications. Upon recruitment into the study, patients were asked to complete a 35-item questionnaire regarding diabetes and associated complications.

Quantifying vitreous inflammation in uveitis: an optical coherence tomography prospective study.

Objective: To quantify vitreous inflammation in a uveitis cohort using optical coherence tomography and correlate findings to gold-standard Nussenblatt scores.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: 36 eyes from 19 patients primarily with pan uveitis.

Quantifying Areas of Vascular Leakage in Sickle Cell Retinopathy Using Standard and Widefield Fluorescein Angiography.

Background And Objective: To evaluate neovascular surface area change in sickle cell retinopathy following scatter photocoagulation treatment in wide- and standard-field fluorescein angiography (FA) scans using ImageJ software.

Patients And Methods: Images of 11 patients with wide- or standard-field FA scans pre- and post-treatment for sickle cell retinopathy were evaluated retrospectively by two graders using ImageJ. Graders traced lesions in the late arteriovenous phase and calculated the lesion area and intensity relative to the optic disc.

Evaluating patient preparedness for cataract surgery and satisfaction with preoperative care.

Objective: To evaluate preoperative preparedness and patient satisfaction after implementation of the Cataract Screening Preprocedural Questionnaire (CSPQ) at Hamilton Regional Eye Institute.

Design: Single-centred, prospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants/methods: One-hundred fifty-one adult patients undergoing elective cataract surgery completed the CSPQ questionnaire.

Does patient education improve compliance to routine diabetic retinopathy screening?

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening relies on adherence to follow-up eye care. This article assesses if a model of patient education and tele-retina screening among high-risk patients with DR can achieve increased rates of compliance within a one-year follow-up.

Methods: Between May 2014 and May 2016, DR screening was conducted in a cohort of 101 patients with diabetes in Southern Ontario.

How symbiosis and ecological context influence the variable expression of transgenerational wing induction upon fungal infection of aphids.

Aphids, like most animals, mount a diverse set of defenses against pathogens. For aphids, two of the best studied defenses are symbiont-conferred protection and transgenerational wing induction. Aphids can harbor bacterial symbionts that provide protection against pathogens, parasitoids and predators, as well as against other environmental stressors.

Ophthalmology referrals from optometry: a comparative study (the R.O.C.S study).

Objective: To characterize emergency optometrist referrals triaged at a tertiary ophthalmology care centre by physical examination findings and provisional diagnosis accuracy.

Design: Prospective case review.

Participants: Consecutive patients referred to a tertiary eye care clinic for an after-hours ocular consult.

Patient satisfaction with wait times at an emergency ophthalmology on-call service.

Objective: To assess patient satisfaction with emergency ophthalmology care and determine the effect provision of anticipated appointment wait time has on scores.

Design: Single-centre, randomized control trial.

Participants: Fifty patients triaged at the Hamilton Regional Eye Institute (HREI) from November 2015 to July 2016.

Discrepancies in physician-patient agreement in reporting ocular history.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of agreement between physicians and patients in reporting ocular history and to determine whether there are any predictive factors for physician-patient consensus.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Participants: Between June and September 2014, adult patients undergoing cataract surgery were recruited for the study.

Ozurdex in age-related macular degeneration as adjunct to ranibizumab (The OARA Study).

Objective: To evaluate the utility of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DXI; Ozurdex; Allergan, Irvine, Calif.) in combination with ranibizumab (Lucentis; Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland) versus ranibizumab monotherapy on visual acuity (VA) and anatomical outcomes in a neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) cohort.

Design: Multicentred, single-blinded, pilot randomized control trial.

Predictors of functional vision changes after cataract surgery: the PROVISION study.

Objective: To ascertain whether time-to-treatment, sex, age, preoperative functional vision scores, education, and ocular comorbidities predict change in functional vision pre- to postoperatively in patients receiving cataract surgery.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: Three hundred and forty-three cataract patients at the Hamilton Regional Eye Institute.

Genetic Risk Evaluation in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment Response.

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacogenetic relationship between CFH haplotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with response to ranibizumab treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective cohort study involving 70 treatment-naive nAMD patients. Patients were genotyped for CFH haplotypes and SNPs in the C3, ARMS2, and mtDNA genes.

Ophthalmic referrals from emergency wards-a study of cases referred for urgent eye care (The R.E.S.C.U.E Study).

Objective: To characterize emergency department (ED) referrals in order to identify the most common pathologies, compare accuracy of diagnosis, and measure correlation of visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements between the ED and ophthalmology setting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective chart review of consecutive patients referred for an ocular emergency after hours to a tertiary care emergency eye clinic in Hamilton, Ontario, between February 17, 2015, and May 3, 2015 (n = 288).

Methods: Variables extracted from the patients' charts included date of referral, age, sex, eye(s) under examination, VA at the time of referral, IOP at the time of the referral, site of referral, the referring physician's provisional diagnosis, VA at the time of the ophthalmologist consultation, IOP at the time of the ophthalmologist consultation, number of days between referral and ophthalmic consultation, and the ophthalmologist's diagnosis.

Waiting room educational media effect on preinjection anxiety for initial intravitreal injections.

Objective: To ascertain the effectiveness of an educational web page in reducing anxiety associated with initial intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections.

Design: Single-centred, observation-enriched, randomized controlled trial.

Participants: Ninety-six patients receiving intravitreal injections at the Hamilton Regional Eye Institute.