Risk and protective factors of asthma and mental health condition multimorbidity in a national sample of Canadian children.

Background: The coexistence of childhood asthma and mental health (MH) conditions can impact management and health outcomes but we need to better understand the etiology of multimorbidity. We investigated the association between childhood asthma and MH conditions as well as the determinants of their coexistence.

Methods: We used data from the Canadian Health Survey of Children and Youth 2019 (3-17 years; n = 47,871), a cross-sectional, nationally representative Statistics Canada dataset.

A scoping review of asthma and machine learning.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the extent of machine learning (ML) application in asthma research and to identify research gaps while mapping the existing literature.

Data Sources: We conducted a scoping review. PubMed, ProQuest, and Embase Scopus databases were searched with an end date of September 18, 2020.

Atopy risk among school-aged children in relation to early exposures to a farm environment: A systematic review.

Background And Objectives: Childhood atopy is a complex condition with both a genetic and an environmental component. This systematic review will explore the current understanding of the importance of early life exposures to a farm in the development of atopy measured by objective markers of skin prick testing, and specific IgE measurements in school age children.

Methods: A systematic review was performed.

The Frequency of Use and Harm Perception of Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): The 2019 Cross-Sectional Survey among Medical Students from Poland.

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are devices for generating a nicotine aerosol by heating the tobacco sticks. This study aimed to assess (1) the prevalence of HTP and tobacco cigarette usage among medical students, (2) to characterize smoking habits and (3) to assess students' awareness and opinions about HTPs. A cross-sectional survey on the frequency and attitudes toward cigarettes, e-cigarettes and HTP use was performed between 2019-2020 at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland).

The course of asthma: A population-based 10-year study examining asthma remission in children diagnosed with asthma in preschool.

Background: The natural course of asthma may differ depending on the age of onset.

Objective: To investigate predictors of asthma remission with a focus on the age of asthma onset.

Methods: The study was a retrospective birth cohort of children with asthma in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Personal and early life factors associated with new-onset asthma, remission, and persistence of asthma in a 2-year follow-up of schoolchildren.

Objective: The natural course of childhood asthma, after its onset, is characterized by periods of persistence, relapse and remission. To investigate personal and early life factors associated with new-onset asthma, persistence and remission among children.

Methods: The study was conducted in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada.

Smoking Cessation and Vaping Cessation Attempts among Cigarette Smokers and E-Cigarette Users in Central and Eastern Europe.

Our aim is to assess the smoking cessation and vaping cessation activity, including quit attempts and willingness to quit among university students in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as to investigate personal characteristics associated with smoking cessation and vaping cessation attempts. Data were collected by questionnaire which included 46 questions on cigarette and e-cigarette use. Questionnaires were obtained from 14,352 university students (aged 20.

Are Dietary Factors Associated with Lung Function in Canadian Adults?

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of dietary factors and biomarkers on lung function among Canadian adults (18-79 years). Our data source was the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle-3, which included 3397 adults. The household and clinic questionnaires and physical measures were used to assess individual dietary factors, modified Mediterranean Diet Scores, and biomarkers.

The Prevalence of Cigarette and E-cigarette Smoking Among Students in Central and Eastern Europe-Results of the YUPESS Study.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an alternative to traditional tobacco cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among university students from Central and Eastern Europe and to investigate personal characteristics associated with cigarette and e-cigarette smoking. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was performed between 2017-2018 among university students in five European countries: Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Slovakia.

E-Cigarettes are More Addictive than Traditional Cigarettes-A Study in Highly Educated Young People.

E-cigarettes are often considered less addictive than traditional cigarettes. This study aimed to assess patterns of e-cigarette use and to compare nicotine dependence among cigarette and e-cigarette users in a group of highly educated young adults. From 3002 healthy adults, a representative group of 30 cigarette smokers, 30 exclusive e-cigarette users, and 30 dual users were recruited.

Incidence of Daytime Sleepiness and Associated Factors in Two First Nations Communities in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is the tendency to sleep at inappropriate times during the day. It can interfere with day-to-day activities and lead to several health issues. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between income, housing conditions, and incidence of EDS in adults living in two Cree First Nations communities.

The association between endotoxin and beta-(1 → 3)-D-glucan in house dust with asthma severity among schoolchildren.

Background: Asthma severity can be affected by microbial exposures. However, less is known about the specific indoor agents aggravating the disease in children. We examined the associations between indoor endotoxin and beta-(1 → 3)-D-glucan exposures and asthma severity in children with asthma.

The association between endotoxin in house dust with atopy and exercise-induced bronchospasm in children with asthma.

Background: Studies have reported protective and adverse associations between microbial exposure and childhood asthma. However, among children with asthma the relationships between endotoxin and exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is less clear.

Objective: We investigated the association between exposure to endotoxin in house dust with atopy and EIB in children with asthma.

Asthma diagnosis among children along an urban-rural gradient.

Objective: Studies have reported lower asthma prevalence in rural compared to urban areas. While environmental factors have mostly been implicated for these differences, the lower asthma prevalence could also be linked to asthma under-diagnosis in rural children. We investigate if rural children experience under-diagnosis of asthma more compared to urban children.

Bronchitis and Its Associated Risk Factors in First Nations Children.

Respiratory diseases, such as bronchitis and pneumonia, are common in First Nations children in Canada. The objectives are to determine prevalence and associated risk factors of bronchitis in children 6-17 years old residing in two reserve communities. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 and children from two First Nations reserve communities participated.

An international comparison of asthma, wheeze, and breathing medication use among children.

Background: There is variation in childhood asthma between countries with typically higher prevalence in "Westernized" nations. We compared asthma, respiratory symptoms, and medication prevalence in Eastern and Central European regions and Canada.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of children (5-15 years) from one urban centre in each of Canada, Belarus, Poland, Republic of Georgia (Adjara), Republic of Macedonia, and Ukraine.

Profile of a national sample of Canadian children with participation and activity limitations.

Little is known about the nature of Canadian children with participation or activity limitations. Our objective was to profile a nationally representative sample of Canadian children with report of participation or activity limitation including identifying the major medical reasons attributed to these limitations and describe their sociodemographic and functional characteristics. We used data from the Canadian 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey, a post-census Statistics Canada national survey of adults and children whose everyday activities were limited because of a condition or health problem.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic bronchitis in First Nations people.

Background: Inadequate housing, low family income, household smoking, personal smoking status, and poor schooling are some of the conditions that have been significantly associated with the prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) and associated risk factors among First Nations people.

Methods: An interviewer-administered survey was conducted as part of the First Nations Lung Health Project in 2012 and 2013 with 874 individuals from 406 households in two First Nations communities located in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada.

Predictors of Physical Activity Levels in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Multivariate Approach Based on a Socio-Ecological Framework.

The purpose of this study was to explore cross-sectional relationships between self-reported physical activity (PA) and personal, social, and environmental factors in community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older. Accounting for clustering by neighborhood, generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations between selected correlates and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) score while adjusting for confounders. Data for 601 participants were analyzed: 79% female, 37% married, mean age 76.

Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of atopic and nonatopic asthma among rural children.

Background: Because of time and cost constraints, objective classification of atopic and nonatopic asthma has been limited in large epidemiologic studies. However, as we try to better understand exposure-outcome associations and ensure appropriate treatment of asthma, it is important to focus on phenotype-defined asthma classification.

Objective: To compare atopic and nonatopic asthma in rural children with regard to risk factors and clinical outcomes.

Childhood asthma, asthma severity indicators, and related conditions along an urban-rural gradient: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Asthma prevalence is generally lower in rural locations with some indication of an urban-rural gradient. However, among children with asthma, certain rural exposures thought to protect against the development of asthma could aggravate the condition. We examined childhood asthma prevalence and related conditions along an urban-rural gradient and also examined the characteristics of those with asthma along the urban-rural gradient.

Actual Body Weight and the Parent's Perspective of Child's Body Weight among Rural Canadian Children.

The prevalence of being overweight during childhood continues to increase in the USA and Canada and children living in rural areas are more at risk than their urban counterparts. The objectives of this study were to evaluate how well the parent's perception of their child's weight status correlated with objectively measured weight status among a group of rural children and to identify predictors of inaccurate parental perceptions of child's weight status. Participants were children from the Saskatchewan Rural Health Study conducted in 2010.

Ear Infection and Its Associated Risk Factors in First Nations and Rural School-Aged Canadian Children.

Background. Ear infections in children are a major health problem and may be associated with hearing impairment and delayed language development. Objective.