Cytoprotective effects of liposomal ganglioside GM1.

Gangliosides, glycosphingolipids with one or more N-acetyl-neuraminic acid groups, play essential roles in various cellular and biological processes, among them are cell signaling, neuronal development, cell-cell recognition and the modulation of immune response. Based on their multiple biological roles, the pharmacological utilization of gangliosides for the therapy of several clinical conditions is currently widely being explored but hampered by its limited water solubility. To increase the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble therapeutic agents, pharmaceutical nanocarriers such as liposomes have been developed over the last fifty years.

Coronoid height index: a reliable and reproducible technique for quantifying coronoid bone loss in elbow instability.

Background: Coronoid fracture size is one important factor in decision-making on surgical vs. nonsurgical management. There is currently no reliable, standardized technique to measure coronoid fracture size or bone loss.

Surgery for Olecranon Fractures in the Elderly (SOFIE): Results of the SOFIE Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The financial and resource burden of management of olecranon fractures in the elderly is likely to increase with an aging population. There is limited evidence guiding treatment choice in this cohort. This study aimed to determine whether operative treatment of displaced olecranon fractures in elderly patients provides superior 12-month functional outcomes compared to nonoperative treatment.

Recruitment, follow-up and survival in an 11-country cohort study of patients at the end of life and their relatives.

Background: Large, international cohort studies generate high-level evidence, but are resource intense. In end-of-life care such studies are scarce. Hence, planning for future studies in terms of data on screening, recruitment, retention and survival remains a challenge.

Baseline assessment of knowledge, attitude, practice, and adherence toward antimicrobials among women living in two urban municipalities in Lalitpur district, Nepal.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant problem in developing, low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. Community engagement can be an important means to address the problem. Knowledge, attitude, practice, and adherence of women regarding antibiotics and AMR was studied.

Angelica gigas Nakai (Korean Dang-gui) Root Alcoholic Extracts in Health Promotion and Disease Therapy - active Phytochemicals and In Vivo Molecular Targets.

Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) root is a medicinal herbal widely used in traditional medicine in Korea. AGN root ethanolic extracts have been marketed as dietary supplements in the United States for memory health and pain management. We have recently reviewed the pharmacokinetics (PK) and first-pass hepatic metabolism of ingested AGN supplements in humans for the signature pyranocoumarins decursin (D, C 1x), decursinol angelate (DA, C ~ 10x) and their common botanical precursor and hepatic metabolite decursinol (DOH, C ~ 1000x).

Parental wellbeing, parenting, and child mental health in families with young children in Arghakhanchi, Nepal.

Background: Children's social-emotional development and mental well-being are critical to adult mental health. However, little is known about the mechanisms or factors that contribute to poor child mental health in low- and middle-income countries. Given the lack of child mental health research to guide interventions or social-emotional learning programs and policy planning, the present study aimed to address these knowledge gaps by examining the psychopathology mechanism involved in the development of childhood mental health problems.

The Hemodynamic Management and Postoperative Outcomes After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Prospective Observational Study.

Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) has become standard treatment for peritoneal cancers and metastases, significantly enhancing survival rates. This study evaluated the relationship between tumor burden, hemodynamic management, and postoperative outcomes after CRS-HIPEC. This study included 203 patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC.

Challenges in the Management of Hemorrhagic Shock in Patients with Bombay Blood Group in the ICU: What the H?

Bhosale SJ, Joshi M, Dhakane P, Ojha S, Kulkarni AP. Challenges in the Management of Hemorrhagic Shock in Patients with Bombay Blood Group in the ICU: What the H? Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(12):1185-1186.

Zinc-doped hydroxyapatite loaded chitosan gelatin nanocomposite scaffolds as a promising platform for bone regeneration.

The advancement in the arena of bone tissue engineering persuades us to develop novel nanocomposite scaffolds in order to improve antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic properties that show resemblance to natural bone extracellular matrix. Here, we focused on the development of novel zinc-doped hydroxyapatite (ZnHAP) nanoparticles (1, 2 and 3 wt%; size: 50-60 nm) incorporated chitosan-gelatin (CG) nanocomposite scaffold, with an interconnected porous structure. The addition of ZnHAP nanoparticles decreases the pore size (∼30 µm) of the CG scaffolds.

An educational initiative aimed at increasing antimicrobial resistance awareness among school-going Jordanian youth.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended strategies and actions to enhance awareness and understanding of AMR. Gaps in AMR awareness remain in Jordan, particularly among the youth.

Aim: To describe our programmatic approach to AMR education across Jordanian governorates among school-aged children.

Resolving elliptic boundary value problem and integral equation in relational partial metric space.

In the present study, a novel version of the contraction theory on a relational partial metric space associated with a binary relation is exhibited. In this process, we observe that numerous relations can be used in many well-known fixed point theorems earlier introduced by multiple authors. We solve an elliptic boundary value problem and an integral equation to make the significance of the main conclusion evident.

Evaluating citrus juice: A comparative study of physicochemical, nutraceutical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of citrus juices from Nepal.

Citrus fruit juice is highly beneficial to human health, providing essential nutrients like carbohydrates, vitamins, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. Juices from citrus fruit varieties grown in various regions of Nepal were analyzed for their physicochemical properties, nutraceutical content, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The pH of the juices ranged between 2.

Cytokine signalling in formation of neutrophil extracellular traps: Implications for health and diseases.

Neutrophils, as essential component of the innate immune response, form a crucial part in the defence mechanisms through the release of extracellular traps (NETs). These web-like structures, composed of chromatin and antimicrobial proteins, are essential for the entrapment and inactivation of pathogens. However, either constitutive formation or inefficient clearance of NETs leads to adverse effects such as fibrosis, thrombosis, delayed wound healing and tissue damage in multiple diseases associated with sterile inflammation.

Cannabidiol promotes apoptosis and downregulation of oncogenic factors.

Patients with high-grade serous carcinoma of tubo-ovarian origin (HGSC) often experience significant side effects related to their disease and treatments, such as pain, discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Over the last two decades, the use of cannabinoids (CBD) to manage pain and anxiety has become more mainstream. However, there is limited data on how CBD interacts with HGSC tumor cells or whether CBD impacts the effect of chemotherapy.

Perioperative immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma: AMBASSADOR charts the path forward.

The AMBASSADOR trial revealed improvement in disease-free survival with adjuvant pembrolizumab in patients with high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma compared to observation. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the clinical implications of these findings in the context of prior data from the CheckMate-274 and the recently published NIAGARA trial, envisioning the path forward for perioperative immunotherapy.

Synthesis and mechanistic studies of 4-aminoquinoline-Isatin molecular hybrids and Schiff's bases as promising antimicrobial agents.

In this investigation, to determine their potential as specific antibacterial agents, Schiff's bases (LT-SB1-23 and SB1-SB12) and novel quinoline-isatin hybrids were subjected to microbiological testing. The in-vitro screening against bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) exhibited their antibacterial potential with many of the compounds showing inhibition range of 90-100 % at 200 μg/mL, against most of the tested strains. The MIC values of some of the compounds showed good antibacterial efficacy with values ranging from 32 to 128 μg/mL.

Regulation of volume-regulated anion channels alters sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy.

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is used across many common tumor types, but resistance reduces the likelihood of long-term survival. We previously found the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, NPEPPS, as a druggable driver of cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo and in patient-derived organoids. Here, we present a general mechanism where NPEPPS interacts with the volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) to control cisplatin import into cells and thus regulate cisplatin response across a range of cancer types.

Glutaminolysis promotes the function of follicular helper T cells in lupus-prone mice.

Glutamine metabolism is essential for T cell activation and functions. The inhibition of glutaminolysis impairs Th17 cell differentiation and alters Th1 cell functions. There is evidence for an active glutaminolysis in the immune cells of lupus patients.

Factors Influencing Nerinetide Effect on Infarct Volume in Patients Without Alteplase in the Randomized ESCAPE-NA1 Trial.

Background: In the ESCAPE-NA1 trial (Efficacy and Safety of Nerinetide for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke), treatment with nerinetide was associated with a smaller infarct volume among patients who did not receive intravenous alteplase. We assessed the effect of nerinetide on the surrogate imaging outcome of final infarct volume in patients who did not receive intravenous alteplase and explored predictors of outcome and modifiers of nerinetide's effect on infarct volume.

Methods: ESCAPE-NA1 was a multicenter, randomized trial in which patients with acute stroke with a baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score >4, undergoing endovascular thrombectomy, were randomized to receive intravenous nerinetide or placebo.