Addendum: Implicit learning of temporal behavior in complex dynamic environments.

New analyses of the data in this study (Salet et al., 2021, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, https://doi.org/10.

Still stuck with the stopwatch.

Time is an integral part of all adaptive behavior; we continuously adapt to the dynamic structure of an ever-changing environment. Recent theoretical approaches have moved from the idea that time arises from specialized stopwatch-like mechanisms, instead proposing the view that time is inherently encoded in a host of neural dynamics. However, we argue that much of our theorizing is-even when an intrinsic view is proposed-still driven by the implicit assumption that clearly marked, isolated stopwatch-like intervals are the fundamental unit of time in our environment.

FMTP: A unifying computational framework of temporal preparation across time scales.

Temporal preparation is the cognitive function that takes place when anticipating future events. This is commonly considered to involve a process that maximizes preparation at time points that yield a high hazard. However, despite their prominence in the literature, hazard-based theories fail to explain the full range of empirical preparation phenomena.

Implicit learning of temporal behavior in complex dynamic environments.

Humans can automatically detect and learn to exploit repeated aspects (regularities) of the environment. Timing research suggests that such learning is not only used to anticipate what will happen, but also when it will happen. However, in timing experiments, the intervals to be timed are presented in isolation from other stimuli and explicitly cued, contrasting with naturalistic environments in which intervals are embedded in a constant stream of events and individuals are hardly aware of them.