The Effect of Intersectionality on Attrition among US General Surgery Trainees.

Objective: To examine the association between intersectionality of race, ethnicity, and sex on retention of U.S. general surgery residents.

Disaggregating the Asian-American Breast Cancer Population: Disparities in Reconstruction Rates.

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) incidence has been increasing among Asian-Americans (AsAms); recent data suggest these patients are less likely to undergo postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR) compared to non-Asian women. Historically, AsAm BC patients are reported in aggregate, masking heterogeneity within this population. We aim to identify patterns of postmastectomy reconstruction among disaggregated AsAm BC patients at our institution.

Effect of Specimen Extraction Site on Postoperative Incisional Hernia after Minimally Invasive Right Colectomy.

Background: Incisional hernia (IH) is a known complication after colorectal surgery. Despite advances in minimally invasive surgery, colorectal surgery still requires extraction sites for specimen retrieval, increasing the likelihood of postoperative IH development. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of specimen extraction site on the rate of IH after minimally invasive right-sided colectomy for patients with available imaging.

Surgeon Intersectionality and Academic Promotion and Retention in the US.

Introduction: Efforts have been made to increase the number of women and physicians who are underrepresented in medicine (UIM). However, surgery has been slow to diversify, and there are limited data surrounding the impact of intersectionality.

Objective: To assess the combined association of race and ethnicity and sex with rates of promotion and attrition among US academic medical department of surgery faculty.

Breast Cancer Incidence Among Asian American Women in New York City: Disparities in Screening and Presentation.

Background: Asian American (AsAm) women have some of the lowest rates of up-to-date breast cancer screening, and lack of disaggregated racial/ethnic data can mask disparities. We evaluated presentation patterns among AsAms at two hospitals with distinct communities: New York Presbyterian-Queens (NYPQ), in Flushing, Queens and Weill Cornell Medical Center (WCM), on the Upper East Side (UES) neighborhood of Manhattan.

Patients And Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer between January 2019 and December 2022 were identified using a prospective database and clinical data collected.

Social Determinants of Cancer Disparities.

Cancer is a major public health issue that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. At its root, cancer represents a genetic aberration, but socioeconomic, environmental, and geographic factors contribute to different cancer outcomes for selected population subsets. The disparities in the delivery of healthcare affect all aspects of cancer management from early prevention to end-of-life care.

Landmark Series: The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Study of Breast Cancer Disparities.

Race-related variation in breast cancer incidence and mortality are well-documented in the United States. The effect of genetic ancestry on disparities in tumor genomics, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of breast cancer is less understood. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a publicly available resource that has allowed for the recent emergence of genome analysis research seeking to characterize tumor DNA and protein expression by ancestry as well as the social construction of race and ethnicity.

The accuracy of race & ethnicity data in US based healthcare databases: A systematic review.

Background: The availability and accuracy of data on a patient's race/ethnicity varies across databases. Discrepancies in data quality can negatively impact attempts to study health disparities.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to organize information on the accuracy of race/ethnicity data stratified by database type and by specific race/ethnicity categories.

Breast Cancer and Obesity: a Qualitative Analysis of a Diverse Population of Breast Cancer Patients' Perspectives on Weight Management.

Purpose: Obesity and weight gain in breast cancer survivors leads to a greater risk of recurrence and a decreased chance of survival. A paucity of data exists regarding strengths, weaknesses, and barriers for implementing culturally sensitive, patient-centered interventions for weight management among minority communities. The objective of this study was to evaluate breast cancer patients' experience and perspectives regarding weight management in a racially diverse population.

The Landmark Series: The Breast Cancer Burden of the Asian American Population and the Need for Disaggregated Data.

The Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) population is a heterogeneous group of people from geographically and ethnically distinct regions of the world. Traditionally, these patients have been reported as one large aggregate in the breast cancer literature under the race category of "Asian." A detailed examination of this group shows compelling evidence that breast cancer manifests differently among Asian ethnic subgroups, resulting in overlooked health disparities when these races are grouped together.

Active antiracism through surgical education.

Introduction: Disparities in surgical outcomes are well documented. Racial/ethnic minorities are also disproportionately underrepresentated in surgery; however, most surgeons do not acknowledge the existence of disparities. Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) education in surgery is needed, yet DEI education is often confined to designated diversity lectures, limiting depth of content.

Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of BIIB091, a Reversible, Selective BTK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury leading to permeant disability. In the early stage of MS, inflammation is the primary driver of the disease progression. There remains an unmet need to develop high efficacy therapies with superior safety profiles to prevent the inflammation processes leading to disability.

Fragile X Associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI): Case Report and Literature Review.

Abnormalities in the X-linked gene are associated with a constellation of disorders, which have broad and profound implications for the person first diagnosed, and extended family members of all ages. The rare and pleiotropic nature of the associated disorders, both common and not, place great burdens on (1) the affected families, (2) their care providers and clinicians, and (3) investigators striving to conduct research on the conditions. Fragile X syndrome, occurring more severely in males, is the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability.

Neonatal Sepsis in Haiti.

Infections (including sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia and tetanus) stand as a major contributor to neonatal mortality in Haiti (22%). Infants acquire bacteria that cause neonatal sepsis directly from the mother's blood, skin or vaginal tract either before or during delivery. Nosocomial and environmental pathogens introduce further risk after delivery.

Evaluating Multi-Level Models to Test Occupancy State Responses of Plethodontid Salamanders.

Plethodontid salamanders are diverse and widely distributed taxa and play critical roles in ecosystem processes. Due to salamander use of structurally complex habitats, and because only a portion of a population is available for sampling, evaluation of sampling designs and estimators is critical to provide strong inference about Plethodontid ecology and responses to conservation and management activities. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-scale and hierarchical single-scale occupancy models in the context of a Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) experimental design with multiple levels of sampling.