Attention to repeated images on the World-Wide Web: another look at scanpath theory.

The scanpath theory of visual perception was tested using Web pages as visual stimuli. Scanpaths are repetitive sequences of fixations and saccades that occur upon reexposure to a visual stimulus. Since Internet users are exposed to repeated visual displays, the Web provides ideal stimuli to test this theory.

A new first-year course designed and taught by a senior medical student.

Senior medical students have been utilized at some institutions in limited teaching roles for first-year medical students. The authors describe a pilot program in which a motivated senior medical student completely designed and taught an original course to a group of first-year students in academic year 2000-01. The 16-hour course was offered as a selective for first-year students.

Antenatally detected, unilateral dilatation of the renal pelvis: a critical review. 2. postnatal non-operative treatment--long-term hazards, urgent research.

Background: Even after two decades, there is still much discussion about the postnatal treatment of antenatally detected, isolated pelvic dilatation (consistent with pyelo-ureteral junction obstruction). A recent review concluded that non-operative expectancy seemed safe - even after 17 years in certain cases. However, the final outcome, i.

Antenatally detected, unilateral dilatation of the renal pelvis: a critical review. 1. Postnatal non-operative treatment 20 years on--is it safe?

Background: Non-operative postnatal treatment of antenatally detected hydronephrosis, consistent with pyelo-ureteral obstruction, has functioned well during follow-ups of up to 17 years. However, doubts are still expressed and, admittedly, the final verdict on this new policy is still remote. The purpose of this review is to define the state of art and to serve as a background for future randomized clinical trials, which still are missing.

Does polygyny reduce fertility?

Polygyny can increase, decrease, or have no effect on fertility. Understanding how this can occur requires consideration of both the proximate determinants of fertility and the ultimate effects of polygyny as a female reproductive strategy. Several factors reduced the fertility of polygynous women in 19th century Utah, including marrying at an older age, marrying older men, and conflict between co-wives.

Autosomal dominant Kufs' disease: a cause of early onset dementia.

Kufs' disease is the rare, adult-onset form of the neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL). Two clinical Kufs' phenotypes have been described, one featuring generalized tonic-clonic seizures and the other characterized by dementia. Autosomal dominant inheritance of Kufs' disease has been reported for only two families.

Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus in A549 and MRC-5 cell cultures.

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) has been diagnosed either serologically or by virus isolation. Until now, the recovery of EEE virus has been delegated to reference laboratories with the expertise and resources needed to amplify the virus in a susceptible vertebrate host and/or to isolate and identify the virus in cell culture. We report a case in which EEE virus was recovered directly from a patient's cerebrospinal fluid in A549 and MRC-5 cell cultures.

Hemorrhage decreases macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and interleukin-6 release: a possible mechanism for increased wound infection.

Objective: To determine whether alteration in wound exudate cell immune function occurs after trauma-hemorrhage.

Background: Although clinical and experimental studies indicate that the rate of wound infection is increased after trauma and hemorrhagic shock, the underlying mechanism for this increased susceptibility remains unknown.

Methods: Male C3H/HeN mice were subjected to a midline laparotomy and polyvinyl alcohol sponges were implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal wound before hemorrhage (35+/-5 mm Hg for 90 minutes and resuscitation) or sham operation.

Experimental partial ureteric obstruction in newborn rats. X. Renal function and morphology after unobstruction.

Partial obstruction of the left ureter was created in newborn rats. Unobstruction was performed after 2 or 7 days. The investigations were carried out at 9 weeks of age--under slight hydropenia to institute an element of stress.

Acid steatocrit: a simple, rapid gravimetric method to determine steatorrhea.

Objectives: The detection and evaluation of steatorrhea in a rapid, quantitative fashion are clinically needed in patients with suspected steatorrhea. Our aim was to evaluate the acid steatocrit method, on random spot stools in adults with and without steatorrhea, relative to the qualitative (microscopic) and quantitative assessments for fecal fat.

Methods: Stool samples were collected 72 h after a diet of 100 g of fat per day and randomly from 15 healthy controls, 14 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and seven patients with small bowel disease.

Outbreak of Shigella sonnei in a clinical microbiology laboratory.

Laboratory technologists (22%) developed infections with Shigella sonnei. The isolates had the same antibiogram and pulse-field gel electrophoresis pattern as an unknown isolate handled by a laboratory student. Covering faucet handles with paper towels during hand washing in the laboratory was protective.

Experimental partial ureteric obstruction in newborn rats. IX. Renal morphology and function after 1 year of obstruction.

Unfortunately, the nonoperative treatment of hydronephrosis, in wide use today, cannot be evaluated until after many decades. Long-term animal experiments offer a peekhole into the future. Partial obstruction of the left ureter was created in newborn rats.

Estimating sexual dimorphism by method-of-moments.

Estimating the degree of sexual dimorphism is difficult in fossil species because most specimens lack indicators of sex. We present a procedure that estimates sexual dimorphism in samples of unknown sex using method-of-moments. We assume that the distribution of a metric trait is composed of two underlying normal distributions, one for males and one for females.

Experimental partial ureteric obstruction in newborn rats. VIII. Contralateral kidney weight after release of the obstruction.

In unilateral kidney disease, it has been suggested that the ipsilateral state could be estimated by measuring contralateral kidney size; thus, a contralateral increase should reflect an ipsilateral impairment and vice versa. This could easily be performed using ultrasound. In our experiments with partial obstruction of one ureter (created in 1- to 3-day-old rats), a consistent and stable contralateral kidney hypertrophy occurred.

Association of Legionnaires' disease with construction: contamination of potable water?

Objective: To describe two cases of nosocomial legionellosis and discuss the epidemiology of this infection.

Design: Potable water was collected from multiple sites. Patient and environmental isolates were characterized by the Legionella slide agglutination test and monoclonal antibody subtyping.

Use of urinary gram stain for detection of urinary tract infection in infants.

Study Objective: To determine whether Gram stain of urine is more sensitive than urinalysis in detecting urinary tract infection in infants.

Design: Prospective series.

Setting: Urban teaching hospital emergency department.

A pseudo-epidemic involving bone allografts.

Preimplantation cultures of four sterile bone allograft specimens grew Comomonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas species. An epidemiological investigation, including molecular subtyping methods, revealed that the allograft specimens were contaminated in a microbiology laboratory sonicator water bath.