The effect of exercise on cytokine concentration in equine autologous conditioned serum.

Background: Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is a commonly administered intra-articular treatment for the management of osteoarthritis in athletic horses.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of exercise on the concentration of cytokines in a non-commercial method of ACS production.

Study Design: Non-randomised cross over design.

Interobserver and intraobserver reliability for 2 grading systems for gastric ulcer syndrome in horses.

Background: Grading of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is undertaken in clinical and research settings, but the reliability of EGUS grading systems is poorly understood.

Hypothesis/objectives: Investigate interobserver and intraobserver reliability of an established ordinal grading system and a novel visual analog scale (VAS), and assess the influence of observer experience.

Animals: Sixty deidentified gastroscopy videos.