Diversity of lake bacteria promotes human echovirus inactivation.

Human enteric viruses can remain infective in surface waters for extended periods of time, posing a public health risk. Microbial activity contributes to the inactivation of waterborne enteric viruses, but while individual bacteria-virus interactions have been characterized, the importance of microbial diversity remains unknown. Here, we experimentally manipulated the diversity of bacterial communities from Lake Geneva across three seasons using a dilution-to-extinction approach and monitored the inactivation and genome decay of echovirus 11, a member of the genus.

Observation of Transient Prenucleation Species of Calcium Carbonate by DNP-Enhanced NMR.

Knowledge of the mechanism by which polymorphic inorganic species, such as carbonates, are formed is crucial to understand and guide the selective crystallization of end products. Recently it has been shown that a key step in the crystallization of calcium carbonate is the formation of intermediate species known as prenucleation clusters. However, the observation of these prenucleation clusters in solution is exceedingly challenging because of their short lifetime and low concentrations.