Accelerometer techniques for capturing human movement validated against direct observation: a scoping review.

Accelerometers are devices commonly used to measure human physical activity and sedentary time. Accelerometer capabilities and analytical techniques have evolved rapidly, making it difficult for researchers to keep track of advances and best practices for data processing and analysis. The objective of this scoping review is to determine the existing methods for analyzing accelerometer data for capturing human movement which have been validated against the criterion measure of direct observation.

Parental-leave policies and perceptions of pregnancy during surgical residency training in North America: a scoping review.

Background: The number of surgical residents experiencing childbearing during residency training is increasing, and there is an absence of clarity with respect to parental-leave, lactation and return-to-work policies in support of residents. The aim of this review was to examine parental-leave policies during residency training in surgery and the perceptions of these policies by residents, program directors and coresidents, as described in the literature.

Methods: We performed a scoping review of the literature based on the following themes: maternity or parental-leave policies; antepartum work-restriction policies and obstetric complications; accommodations for training absences; support for, and perceptions of, maternity or parental leave during residency training; and challenges upon return to work, namely resident performance and breastfeeding.

Prevalence of sarcopenia indicators and sub-optimal protein intake among elective total joint replacement patients.

Sarcopenia is associated with falls, and can complicate recovery following total joint replacement (TJR) surgery. We examined (1) the prevalence of sarcopenia indicators and lower-than-recommended protein intake among TJR patients and non-TJR community participants and (2) the relationships between dietary protein intake and sarcopenia indicators. We recruited adults ≥65 years of age who were undergoing TJR, and adults from the community not undergoing TJR (controls).

School performance in youth after a concussion.

Objective: This study aimed to identify school problems and levels of cognitive activity in youths aged 5-18 years with a concussion during the recovery stages of return to school (RTS).

Study Design: In a prospective cohort, participants completed in-person assessments at three time points: First Visit Post-injury, Symptom Resolution Visit, and Follow-Up Visit. These time points varied based on the participants' recovery progress.

Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Early Protected Movement and Splinting for Fifth Metacarpal Neck Fracture.

Background: Fifth metacarpal neck fractures account for 20% of all hand fractures, yet there remains debate with respect to management, particularly when conservative treatment is initiated. The objective of this study is to compare functional and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients treated with early protected movement or splint immobilization.

Methods: This national multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial compared 2 groups; elastic bandage with early protected movement versus immobilization with splinting.

State of Gender Diversity and Equity Policies within Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in Canada.

Background: Given the growing number of women in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS), it is imperative to evaluate the extent of gender diversity and equity policies among Canadian PRS programs to support female trainees and staff surgeons.

Methods: A modified version of the United Nations Women's Empowerment Principles (WEPs) Gender Gap Analysis tool was delivered to Canadian PRS Division Chairs (n = 11) and Residency Program Directors (n = 11). The survey assessed gender discrimination and equity policies, paid parental leave policies, and support for work/life balance.

Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite that is purported to increase fat-free mass (FFM) gain and performance in response to resistance exercise training (RET). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of HMB supplementation in augmenting FFM and strength gains during RET in young adults. Outcomes investigated were: total body mass (TBM), FFM, fat mass (FM), total single repetition maximum (1RM), bench press (BP) 1RM, and lower body (LwB) 1RM.

Equivalent Hypertrophy and Strength Gains in β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate- or Leucine-supplemented Men.

Unlabelled: Ingestion of proteins with high leucine content during resistance training (RT) can augment hypertrophy. Some data suggest that a leucine metabolite, β-hydroxy, β-methylbutyrate (HMB), is substantially more anabolically efficacious than leucine.

Purpose: We aimed to test whether supplementation with HMB versus leucine, added to whey protein, would result in differential muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in young men performing RT.