Segmental MRI pituitary and hypothalamus volumes post Fontan: An analysis of the Australian and New Zealand Fontan registry.

Objective: Short stature, central hypothyroidism and infertility are common in those with a Fontan circulation. Given that the Fontan circulation often results in hepatic portal venous congestion, we hypothesize that the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation is also affected, contributing to subsequent hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction.

Methods: MRI data from the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry (86 cases) was compared to 86 age- and sex-matched normal published controls.

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated With Increased Thalamic Subregion Volume in the Subacute Period Following Injury.

Structural vulnerability of the thalamus remains underinvestigated in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and few studies have addressed its constituent nuclei using robust segmentation methods. This study aimed to investigate thalamic subnuclei volume in the subacute period following mTBI. Trauma control (TC) and mTBI patients aged 18-60 years old completed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol including both high resolution structural (T1w) and diffusion-weighted sequences at 6-12 weeks following injury (mean: 57 days; SD 11).

MICCAI-CDMRI 2023 QuantConn Challenge Findings on Achieving Robust Quantitative Connectivity through Harmonized Preprocessing of Diffusion MRI.

White matter alterations are increasingly implicated in neurological diseases and their progression. International-scale studies use diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) to qualitatively identify changes in white matter microstructure and connectivity. Yet, quantitative analysis of DW-MRI data is hindered by inconsistencies stemming from varying acquisition protocols.

Declaration of Computational Neurosurgery.

Computational neurosurgery is a novel and disruptive field where artificial intelligence and computational modeling are used to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients affected by diseases of neurosurgical relevance. The field aims to bring new knowledge to clinical neurosciences and inform on the profound questions related to the human brain by applying augmented intelligence, where the power of artificial intelligence and computational inference can enhance human expertise. This transformative field requires the articulation of ethical considerations that will enable scientists, engineers, and clinical neuroscientists, including neurosurgeons, to ensure that the use of such a powerful application is conducted based on the highest moral and ethical standards with a patient-centric approach to predict and prevent mistakes.

Will Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty Be Lost to History? A Comparative Study of Long-Term Follow-Up.

Mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants were introduced as an alternative to fixed-bearing (FB) implants because of their theoretical advantages related to femorotibial rotational mismatch. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of MB and FB TKA after approximately 13 years of follow-up. We compared the results of 88 patients with a mean age of 66 years who had received a rotating platform MB implant or a FB implant.

Hypothalamus Connectivity in Adolescent Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Adolescent Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling illness of unknown etiology. Increasing evidence suggests hypothalamic involvement in ME/CFS pathophysiology, which has rarely been explored using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the condition. This work aimed to use MRI to examine hypothalamus connectivity in adolescents with ME/CFS and explore how this relates to fatigue severity and illness duration.

Canadian Association of Radiologists Statement on Planetary Health Education in Radiology.

The health of Canadians is already impacted by climate change due to wildfire smoke, heat domes, floods, droughts, and the changing distribution of vector borne disease. The healthcare sector contributes to climate change, accounting for approximately 4.6% of annual greenhouse gas emissions in Canada.

Saphenous Vein Graft Pseudoaneurysm Treated With Covered Stenting.

Saphenous vein graft (SVG) pseudoaneurysms are an infrequent, but life-threatening complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery if left untreated. Here, we discuss the case of a 77-year-old patient, with a prior history of CABG and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), who was incidentally found on computed tomography angiography (CTA) to have a pseudoaneurysm of his SVG with an initial chief complaint of dizziness. Despite increasing reports of SVG pseudoaneurysm, there is no consensus on definitive treatment.

Brain volume and neurodevelopment at 13 years following sepsis in very preterm infants.

Background: Associations of neonatal infection with brain growth and later neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm (VP) infants are unclear. This study aimed to assess associations of neonatal sepsis in VP infants with (1) brain growth from term-equivalent age to 13 years; and (2) 13-year brain volume and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Methods: 224 infants born VP ( < 30 weeks' gestation/<1250 g birthweight) were recruited.

Laser interstitial thermal therapy of a single nodule in a complex epileptic network with multiple periventricular nodular heterotopias.

Surgical management of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in patients with multiple periventricular nodular heterotopias (PVNHs) is challenging. Identifying the location of seizure onset within these complex epileptic networks is difficult, and open resection carries risks of injury to surrounding functional white matter tracts such as optic radiations (ORs). The authors demonstrate tractography-assisted laser ablation of a single nodule in a patient with DRE and multiple PVNHs.

Sounding out the dynamics: a concise review of high-speed photoacoustic microscopy.

Significance: Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) offers advantages in high-resolution and high-contrast imaging of biomedical chromophores. The speed of imaging is critical for leveraging these benefits in both preclinical and clinical settings. Ongoing technological innovations have substantially boosted PAM's imaging speed, enabling real-time monitoring of dynamic biological processes.

Childhood development of brain white matter myelin: a longitudinal T1w/T2w-ratio study.

Myelination of human brain white matter (WM) continues into adulthood following birth, facilitating connection within and between brain networks. In vivo MRI studies using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) suggest microstructural properties of brain WM increase over childhood and adolescence. Although DWI metrics, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), could reflect axonal myelination, they are not specific to myelin and could also represent other elements of WM microstructure, for example, fibre architecture, axon diameter and cell swelling.

Association of Acute Infarct Topography With Development of Cerebral Palsy and Neurologic Impairment in Neonates With Stroke.

Background And Objectives: Research investigating neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) outcomes have shown that combined cortical and basal ganglia infarction or involvement of the corticospinal tract predict cerebral palsy (CP). The research question was whether voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) on acute MRI can identify brain regions associated with CP and neurodevelopmental impairments in NAIS.

Methods: Newborns were recruited from prospective Australian and Swiss pediatric stroke registries.

Health care resource utilization and costs among patients with multiple myeloma with exposure to double-class or triple-class multiple myeloma treatments: A retrospective US claims database analysis.

Despite recent advancements in the therapeutic landscape, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable. There are multiple treatment options available with a novel mechanism of action, but there is limited evidence describing the economic burden among patients with MM exposed to different drug classes and combinations and across different health care settings. To describe all-cause and MM-related health care resource utilization (HCRU) and costs among patients with MM exposed to different drug classes and combinations (ie, double-class and triple-class-exposed) and characterize the economic burden in different health care settings among these patients with MM.

Cerebral microhaemorrhage count is related to processing speed, but not level of symptom reporting, independently of age, psychological status and premorbid functioning, after first-ever mild traumatic brain injury.

Cerebral microhaemorrhage is a commonly identified neuropathological consequence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and can be identified in vivo using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). This study aimed to determine whether SWI-detected microhaemorrhages are more common in individuals after a single, first-ever, mTBI event relative to trauma controls (TC) and to investigate whether a linear relationship exists between microhaemorrhage numbers and cognition or symptom reporting in the post-acute period after injury, independently of age, psychological status and premorbid level of functioning. Microhaemorrhagic lesions were identified by expert clinical examination of SWI for 78 premorbidly healthy adult participants who were admitted to hospital after a traumatic injury and had suffered a first-ever mTBI (n = 47) or no head strike (n = 31).

Intracoronary Imaging and Physiology to Guide PCI: Are We Ready for a Class I Guideline Recommendation?

Purpose Of Review: Over the last decade, there has been a plethora of evidence to support the utilization of intravascular coronary imaging and physiological assessment to guide percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). While there is a class I recommendation for the use of coronary physiology to guide PCI, the use of intravascular coronary imaging remains a class IIa recommendation. Herein, we aimed to review the recent scientific evidence from major trials highlighting the consideration for a future class I guideline recommendation for the use of intracoronary imaging.

Exercise as therapy for neurodevelopmental and cognitive dysfunction in people with a Fontan circulation: A narrative review.

People with a Fontan circulation are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay and disability, and cognitive dysfunction, that has significant implications for academic and occupational attainment, psychosocial functioning, and overall quality of life. Interventions for improving these outcomes are lacking. This review article discusses current intervention practices and explores the evidence supporting exercise as a potential intervention for improving cognitive functioning in people living with a Fontan circulation.

Long-lasting effects of very preterm birth on brain structure in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Early life experiences, such as very preterm (VP) birth, can affect brain and cognitive development. Several prior studies investigated brain structure in adults born VP; synthesising these studies may help to provide a clearer understanding of long-term effects of VP birth on the brain. We systematically searched Medline and Embase for articles that investigated brain structure using MRI in adulthood in individuals born VP (<32 weeks' gestation) or with very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g), and controls born at term or with normal birth weight.

Intrinsic and secondary epileptogenicity in focal cortical dysplasia type II.

Objective: Favorable seizure outcome is reported following resection of bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia (BOSD). We assessed the distribution of epileptogenicity and dysplasia in and around BOSD to better understand this clinical outcome and the optimal surgical approach.

Methods: We studied 27 children and adolescents with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-positive BOSD who underwent epilepsy surgery; 85% became seizure-free postresection (median = 5.

Karawun: a software package for assisting evaluation of advances in multimodal imaging for neurosurgical planning and intraoperative neuronavigation.

Purpose: The neuroimaging research community-which includes a broad range of scientific, medical, statistical, and engineering disciplines-has developed many tools to advance our knowledge of brain structure, function, development, aging, and disease. Past research efforts have clearly shaped clinical practice. However, translation of new methodologies into clinical practice is challenging.

Assessment of intraoperative diffusion EPI distortion and its impact on estimation of supratentorial white matter tract positions in pediatric epilepsy surgery.

The effectiveness of correcting diffusion Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) distortion and its impact on tractography reconstruction have not been adequately investigated in the intraoperative MRI setting, particularly for High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) acquisition. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of EPI distortion correction using 27 legacy intraoperative HARDI datasets over two consecutive surgical time points, acquired without reverse phase-encoded data, from 17 children who underwent epilepsy surgery at our institution. The data was processed with EPI distortion correction using the Synb0-Disco technique (Schilling et al.