Apnea of Prematurity and Oxidative Stress: Potential Implications.

Apnea of prematurity (AOP) occurs in 85% of neonates ≤34 weeks of gestational age. AOP is frequently associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH). This narrative review reports on the putative relationship of AOP with IH and the resulting oxidative stress (OS).

Modulation of intestinal TLR4 expression in infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.

Objective: Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) has been associated with the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in term and late-preterm neonates. In this study, we used stool gene expression to determine if an increase in baseline inflammation in the intestine of infants with NOWS is associated with these findings.

Study Design: Stool samples were prospectively collected between days 1-3 and days 4-9 after delivery for opioid-exposed ( n = 9) or non-exposed neonates (n = 8).

Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Associated with Increasing Maternal Obesity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine adverse perinatal outcomes related to maternal preconception body mass index (BMI).

Study Design: This is a retrospective observational cohort study at a single institution of 500 consecutive mothers of normal weight with a preconception BMI of 18.5 to less than 25 and 500 additional obese mothers with a preconception BMI more than or equal to 30.

Persistent Hypoglycemia with Polycystic Kidneys: A Rare Combination - A Case Report.

We present the case of an infant referred to our NICU born at 39 weeks' gestation with persistent hypoglycemia with elevated insulin levels (HI) requiring diazoxide to maintain normoglycemia. Additionally, polycystic kidney disease (PKD) was detected by ultrasound. Molecular genetic testing revealed pathogenic variants in the gene, i.

Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet: A Successful Strategy for Short-Term Management in Youth with Severe Obesity-An Observational Study.

Obesity affects ∼20% of children in the United States and reports of successful dietary treatment are lacking. This study aimed to determine the change in body weight in severely obese youth after carbohydrate-restricted dietary intervention. This single-center study of a carbohydrate-restricted diet (≤30 grams per day), with unlimited calories, fat, and protein for 3-4 months, examined two groups of severely obese youth of ages 5-18 years: Group A, retrospectively reviewed charts of severely obese youth referred to the Pediatric Obesity Clinic at Hoops Family Children's Hospital and the Ambulatory Division of Marshall Pediatrics, Marshall University School of Medicine, in Huntington, WV, between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017 ( = 130), and Group B, prospective participants, referred between July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018, followed with laboratory studies pre- and postdietary intervention ( = 8).

Placental Chorioangioma with Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis.

A 38-year-old woman was found to have a large placental chorioangioma. The fetus was studied using ultrasound. The pregnancy became complicated by hydrops fetalis, polyhydramnios, and abruptio placenta.

An Atypical Withdrawal Syndrome in Neonates Prenatally Exposed to Gabapentin and Opioids.

We report a retrospective case series of 19 infants exposed to both opioids and gabapentin prenatally. We describe a unique behavioral phenotype in 15 of these infants and report a treatment strategy.

After-hours pediatric care compared with emergency department care: a retrospective charge analysis.

Objective: To compare financial charges between children treated and released from an emergency department (ED) with those evaluated in an after-hours (AH) pediatric clinic.

Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 200 children <15 years of age treated in a hospital-based ED and compared with 200 children seen in an AH pediatric clinic. Our main outcome was median overall patient charges by clinic setting.

Effect of low-carbohydrate, unlimited calorie diet on the treatment of childhood obesity: a prospective controlled study.

Background: Childhood obesity has been recognized as the new epidemic in developed countries. Caloric restriction with physical activity is the main therapeutic treatment available for these children. We compared two different dietary protocols to assess treatment efficacy.