Malignancy Yield of Testis Pathology in Older Boys and Adolescents with Cryptorchidism.

Purpose: We performed a retrospective, single-institution study to characterize the pathological findings of testis tissue specimens from older boys and adolescents with cryptorchidism.

Materials And Methods: With institutional review board approval, pathology reports were obtained for testicular specimens from patients age 10 years or older at a pediatric hospital from 1994 to 2016. Reports were excluded if they lacked clinical records, lacked testicular parenchyma, were from a descended testis or were from a patient with differences of sexual development.

Urinary Tract Infections in Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux Are Accompanied by Alterations in Urinary Microbiota and Metabolome Profiles.

Children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) are at an increased risk of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and renal scarring. Gut microbiota are associated with disease phenotypes, but there has been no study that associates urinary microbiota (uMB) and metabolic profiles with VUR pathology. To identify dominant uMB genera and metabolites associated with UTIs in VUR, urine samples collected under sterile conditions underwent 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing (n = 49) and metabolomic analysis by mass spectrometry (n = 96).

Bladder debris on renal and bladder ultrasound: A significant predictor of positive urine culture.

Background: Renal and bladder ultrasound (RBUS) is recommended in evaluation of children after an initial, febrile urinary tract infection. Although it is not uncommon to observe debris within the bladder lumen on sonography, the significance of this finding is uncertain. Debris may be interpreted as an indication of ongoing infection, but there have been no studies to date investigating the association of bladder debris with a positive culture.

The Decline of the Open Ureteral Reimplant in the United States: National Data From 2003 to 2013.

Objective: To examine trends in the number of cases of primary vesicoureteral reflux managed by ureteral reimplantation nationally over the last decade. Substantial changes have occurred in management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) over time, but trends in use of ureteral reimplantation have yet to be investigated on a national scale with annualized data.

Materials And Methods: Using the Premier Healthcare Database, we extracted hospital discharge data for pediatric patients (age ≤ 18 years) with a procedure code for ureteroneocystostomy (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, 56.

The Efficacy of Congenital Penile Curvature Repair in Preadolescent Males: Early Outcomes.

Objective: To characterize the spectrum of congenital penile curvature without hypospadias evaluated at our institution, and to assess the efficacy of surgical repair in prepubescent boys.

Methods: The study group included 82 boys with a diagnosis of congenital penile curvature without hypospadias who elected for surgical repair from 2008 to 2010. We retrospectively reviewed clinical and operative characteristics and recorded surgical outcomes during the length of patients' follow-up at our institution.

Granulomatous inflammation masquerading as an infected urachal cyst.

Errors in urachal obliteration may result in 4 clinical anomalies: patent urachus, urachal cyst, urachal sinus, or vesicourachal diverticulum. Despite the fact that urachal cysts are one of the more common of these anomalies, most go undetected, presenting in the setting of infection. There are reports in the literature of cysts misdiagnosed as other inflammatory processes; however, the converse is reported with less frequency.

Ejaculatory duct obstruction: current diagnosis and treatment.

Ejaculatory duct obstruction is an infrequent cause of obstructive azoospermia, occurring in up to 5 % of such patients. However, it is potentially correctable and warrants consideration in the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting for infertility evaluation. This review provides an overview of ejaculatory duct obstruction: its various etiologies, presentation, and associated clinical assessment.

The impact of varicocele and varicocele repair on serum testosterone.

Purpose Of Review: The increased risk of infertility in men with varicocele is well established. Varicocelectomy has been shown to improve semen parameters and increase pregnancy rates. Yet varicocele pathophysiology is poorly understood and potential implications for testosterone production are less clear.

Nephrolithiasis: what surgeons need to know.

Objective: In this article, we review the standard of care for imaging of nephrolithiasis as well as new technology and radiation concerns from the perspective of the urologic surgeon.

Conclusion: Nephrolithiasis is a common cause of morbidity with a lifetime prevalence of 5-10% worldwide. Increasingly, diagnostic evaluation and planning for medical or surgical intervention have become reliant on imaging.