Long-term (2-year) clinical events following transthoracic intramyocardial gene transfer of VEGF-2 in no-option patients.

Background: The short-term clinical impact of intramyocardial gene transfer (GT) of the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor-2 (VEGF-2) has been previously reported to significantly reduce Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina class and to prolong exercise treadmill test (ETT) time. We describe the safety and long-term events (>1 year) in consecutive, nonrandomized, patients who received intramyocardial VEGF-2.

Methods: Thirty patients with intractable CCS class III or IV angina and no options for revascularization underwent direct intramyocardial GT of VEGF-2 naked DNA via limited thoracotomy at total doses of 0.

One-year follow-up of direct myocardial gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor-2 using naked plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid by way of thoracotomy in no-option patients.

This phase I open label, dose-escalating study shows that gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor-2 naked deoxyribonucleic acid by direct myocardial injection by way of thoracotomy in patients with Canadian Cardiovascular Society class 3 or 4 angina is feasible and safe. The procedure is well tolerated, with few major adverse cardiac events at 1 year, and without complications directly related to gene expression. In this prospective, nonblinded study, the procedure is associated with clinical improvement; however, there was no angiographic evidence of angiogenesis and there is a great potential for a sham or placebo effect in the study patients.